英语九年级单元知识点复习资料
我送给大家三句话:
第一句话:认识自我,对自己说:“我能行!”
在生活中,我们获得的每一滴成功,遭受的每一次挫折,似乎都要经过放大镜,进入父母、老师的心底。我们每一点进步,每一个成长,无不受到大家默默的关注和赞赏。面对这般关爱,我们能说:“我不行吗?”
有人说:“说你行,不行也行;说你不行,行也不行。”这是一种信心上的心理暗示,会对我们的学习、生活产生重要的影响。我们每个人都是一个独特的生命个体,没有人能替代我们,我们应该勇敢地对自己说:“我能行!”这是心灵对生命的允诺,是我们前行的力量。
第二句:锻炼自我,对自己说:“让人们因我
的存在而感到幸福!”
在我们的学习、生活中,肯定有快乐和烦恼的交织,肯定有喝彩与孤独的交响,肯定有理想与现实的交战。“不以物喜,不以己悲”理应成为我们现代人追求的境界。 “与同学交往要讲信用,与别人交流要真诚”,这些名言警句,理应时时吟诵,铭记在心,并努力践行。
俗话说得好“一辈子同学三辈子亲”,如果说相逢是一首歌,相处就是一出铿锵激昂的交响乐,就让我们的师生、我们的校园、我们的花草树木、我们的板凳书桌,共同演奏这人生的伟大乐章!让我们大声说“让人们因我的存在而感到幸福”!
第三句话:提升自我,对自己说:“真正的学
习是自觉学习。”
伟大的教育家苏霍姆林斯基,用三十余年的躬亲实践,领悟出了一条极为朴素的真理,那就是“真正的教育是自我教育”。正如“没有比人更高的山,没有比脚更长的路”,路就在我们自己的脚下,命运就在我们自己的手中。所以,我想对同学们说:“真正的学习是自觉学习。”
让我们自觉地用勤奋与奋斗来赢得希望与收获;用纪律与约束赢得理智与自由;用汗水与泪水赢得练达与成熟;用拼搏与超越赢得成功与辉煌。
只有赢在起点,信心才能不断飞跃;只有笑到最后,生命才会光辉灿烂。
Unit 1
Section 1A
一、短语
1.by介词,“通过…(方式,手段)”
by making flashcards 通过做单词抽认卡 by doing sth 通过…..方式(途径)。
例:I learn English by listening to tapes.
②在…..旁边。例:by the window/the door
③乘坐交通工具 例:by bus/car ④在……之前,到……为止。 例:by October在10月前
⑤被 例:English is spoken by many people. 2.read the textbook读/看教科书 3.make vocabulary lists 列生词表 4.listen to tapes听磁带 5.ask sb for help向某人求助 6.study for a test为备考学习 7.watch videos观看录像
8.practice sth练习某事;practice doing sth练习做某事 Do you ever practice conversations with friends (与朋友对话)? I have to practice speaking English everyday. 9.read aloud朗读
10.that way=in that way 通过那种方式 11.improve my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧
12. too…to…太….而不能…
It’s too hard for me to understand the article. = It’s so hard that I can’t understand the article. 13. for example=for instance 例如
14. ask about询问有关…;ask sb about sth向某人询问/打听有关…. We asked them about the best ways to learn more English. I want to ask about the use of the new machines.
15. watch/see/hear sb do sth观看/看见/听见某人做过某事;watch/see/hear sb doing sth观看/看见/听见某人正在做某事 He can watch actors say the words. Can you hear him singing in the room?
16. 辨析:sometime ;sometimes ;some times ;some time ①sometime在将来/过去的某一时间 I’ll speak to him about it sometime. 我会找个时间和他谈谈这事. I met her sometime last year.去年的某个时候我见过她. ② sometimes = at times有时,偶尔It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold here. He sometimes writes to me. ③some time A.一些时间:It will take you some time to walk there. B.在未来的某时=sometime: Phone me some time next week下个星期什么时候给我打电话吧. ④some times一些次,几次 I've told him the thing some times.
17. join短语:①join sb加入到某人的活动中去 ②join in+活动项目\"参加…活动\" I'd like to join in the game. ③join+组织机构\"加入到某个组织机构,成为其中的一个成员\"join the Party; join the League, The best way to improve your English is to join an English club 18. have fun 玩得高兴 19. not at all 一点也不
20. get excited 高兴、激动
21. end up (vi.) 结束; 告终; 结果 ; 最后 end up doing sth.
We end up taking a taxi there .我们结果乘出租车去了那里. We sometimes end up speaking in Chinese.(以说汉语
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英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
结束对话)
22. do a survey 做调查;do a survey about针对…做调查 I'm doing a survey about learning English. 我在进行学习英语的调查。
23. keep an English notebook 记英语笔记
二、重点知识
1. by + doing 通过……方式 如:by studying with a 或之后。如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
7. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如:
I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 not经常可以和助动词结合在一起,at all 则放在句尾 8. be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited group
by 还可以表示:“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、”“经过”、“乘车”等
如:I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o’clock.
The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus. 2. talk about 谈论,议论,讨论 如:The studentsoften talk about movie after class. 学生们
常常在课后讨论电影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话
3. 提建议的句子:
①What/ how about +doing sth.?
如:What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如:Why don’t you go
shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如:Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do sth. 如: Let’s go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如:Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如:I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 5. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如:I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了,什么都不想说。 6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 三个词都与\"大声\"或\"响亮\"有关。 ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级 形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son. 他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往 含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前
about doing sth. === be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如:
I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=== I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。 9. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事,结束做某事 如:
The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ② end up with sth. 以…结束 如:
The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱
而告终。
一、短语
Section 1B
1.spoken English英语口语; written English书面英语
2.make mistakes/make a mistake犯错误 3.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确
4.practice speaking English 练习说英语
5.first of all 首先
6.to begin with 一开始 7.late on 随后
8. be afraid to do因为害怕而不敢做某事
I'm afraid to speak in class. 9. in class 在课堂上
10.laugh at sb嘲笑某人;
laugh at sth因为某事而发笑
11.make sentences造句
12.辨析: too , also , either: too, also用于肯定句 ,疑问句;also用于行前be后,情后助后 ; either用于否定句,置句末 13.decide to do sth决定做某事 14.take notes做笔记 15.have trouble doing sth在…方面有困难 If you have some trouble spelling new words , you can look them up in
the dictionary.
16. enjoy doing 喜欢干 17. be impressed 深受感动 impress sth on sb/impress sb with sth 使某人铭记某事 18.write down 写下、记下 19.look up(v-adv) “查字典 ”
20. feel+形容词 “感觉起来…” 21. native speakers 说本族话的人
22. make up 组成、构成
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英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
23. as当作…
Most people speak English as a second language. You can use the book as your textbook. Regard problems as challenges. 24. around the world
全世界=all over the world
二、重点知识
1. first of all 首先
. to begin with 一开始 later on 后来、随
2. also 也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间 either 也(用于否定句)常在句末 too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末 3. make mistakes 犯错 如:I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
make a mistake 犯一个错误 如: I have made a mistake.
我已经犯了一个错误。 4. laugh at sb. 笑话;取笑(某人) 如:Don’t laugh at me! 不要取笑我!
5. take notes 做笔记,做记录
6. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如: She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如:He enjoyed himself. 他过
得愉快。
7. native speaker 说本族语的人 8. make up 组成、构成
9. one of +(the+ 形容词最高级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一
如: She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
10. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
如:It’s difficult (for me ) to study English. 对于我来说学习英语太难了。
句中的it 是形式主语,真正的主语是to study English
11. practice doing 练习做某事 如:
She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。
12. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如:
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
13. unless 假如不,除非 引导条件状语从句
如:You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你会失败。
I won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写
一、短语1Reading
1.deal with处置=do with
How do you deal with your problem?
2. unless连词 “除非…否则…” (不用于假想的事) Unless you start at once , you will be late. 除非你马上出发,否则你要迟到了.
Nobody , unless Tom can help you. 除了汤姆别人帮不了你。
3.worry about (be worried about) 担心、担忧
4.be angry with 生某人的气 5.stay angry 生气 6.go by 消逝
7. affect (vt.)影响,感动 Worrying about our problem affects how we do at home.
8. have disagreements有分歧 ,意见不同 9. regard…as… 把……当做……
10.complain about…抱怨… Many students complain
about school. He often complains about the weather here. 11.change…into…把…转变为…
We must learn how to change problems into challenges. 12.try one's best to do sth尽力做某事 13.with the help of 在...的帮助下 14.think of (think about) 想起、想到15.compare A to B 把A比作B
Scientists sometimes compare the human brain to a computer. 科学家有时将人脑比作电脑。 16. physical problems 身体上的问题 17. face the challenge面对挑战
18. forget about (口语)不要放在心上;忘掉 Did you forget about the meeting ? He forgot about sweeping the floor .
19. break off 中断
break off a friendship断绝友谊;断交 20. in a way用某种方式 ;
in a positive way
以正面的方式
二、重点知识
1. deal with 处理 如:I dealt with a lot of problem. 2. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事
如:Mother worried about his son just now.
妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
3. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如: I was angry with her. 我对她生气。 4. perhaps === maybe 也许
5. go by (时间) 过去 如: Two years went by. 两年过去了。
6. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生 see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 如:
如: She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 她看见他正在教室里画画。 7. each other 彼此
8. regard… as … 把…看作为…. 如:
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英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
9. too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如:too many girls
too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如:too much milk
much too 太 修饰形容词 如:much too be terrified of sb/sth
对…感到恐惧,很害怕
12.with the light on开着灯;with the eyes closed闭着眼
睛 He often sleeps with the light on.他经常开灯睡觉。
二、重点知识
1. used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形.
beautiful 10. change… into… 将…变为…
如:The magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
11. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 如:with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help 在李雷的帮助下
12. compare … to … 把…与…相比
如:Compare you to Anna, you are lucky. 你和安娜相比,你是幸运的。
13. instead 代替 用在句末,副词(字面上常不译出来)
instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替,而不是 用在句中,动词
如:Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I’m going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。
I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。
He stayed at home instead of going swimming. 他呆在家里而不是去游泳。
一、短语Section 2A
Unit 2
1.used to do过去常常作某事,表示以往的事实或情况
He used to be tall , didn’t he ? Yes, he did. No, he
didn’t.
2.Over here! = Come over here! 到这边来!过来! 3.play the piano 弹钢琴
4.be interested in 对…感兴趣.
5. be on a team 加入…队 I'm on a swim team. 6.People sure change.人确实在变
7.be afraid of ⑴害怕,畏惧:be afraid of sth /doing sth
害怕… I used to be afraid of the dark. Fred is afraid of
flying. He feels anxious before he gets on the plane. He is afraid of going /to go out alone at night. 他害怕夜
晚独自出去。⑵担忧,忧虑(为某事可能产生的后果而
担忧) He is afraid of dying.他怕死。
8.be alone 独自、单独(表状态)
live alone单独住,独居
fell lonely 感到孤独,寂寞
9.in an airplane 坐飞机.
10.go to sleep 入睡、睡着
11. be terrified of 害怕.
否定形式为: didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to 疑问形式为: Did…use to…? 或 Used…to…? be/get used to 习惯于, to 为介词. 2. wear 表示状态. put on 表示动作. dress + 人 给某人穿衣服.
3. on the swim team on 是…的成员,在…供职. 4. Don’t you remember me? 否定疑问句.
Yes, I do. 不, 我记得. No, I don’t 是的, 我不记得了.
5. 反意疑问句:
① 陈述部分的主语为 this, that, 疑问部分主语用it; 陈述部分主语用 these, those, 疑问部分用they 做主语. 例: This is a new story, isn’t it? Those are your parents, aren’t they?
② 陈述部分是 there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用 there 例: There was a man named Paul, wasn’t there? ③ I am 后的疑问句, 用aren’t I 例: I am in Class 2, aren’t I?
④ 陈述部分与含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等词时,疑问部分用肯定. 例: Few people liked this movie, didn’t they?
但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定. 例: Your sister is unhappy, isn’t she? ⑤ 陈述部分的主语若为不定式或 V-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用it. 例: To spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn’t it? ⑥ 陈述句中主语是 nobody, no one, everyone,
everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语; 若陈述部分主语是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用it 做主语. 例: Nobody says one word about the accident, do they? Everything seems perfect, doesn’t it? ⑦ 当主语是第一人称I时, 若谓动为think, believe,
guess 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称, 时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移. 例: I don’t think he can finish the work in time, can he? ⑧ 前面是祈使句, 后用 will you? (let’s 开头时, 后用shall we?) 6. Wow! People sure change. (P11)哇!人确实是会变的。 句中的sure用作副词,意为“确实”,“无疑”。sure一词更常见于以下用法和句型: 4
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
◎表示“可以”,“当然”,“没问题”,常用来答应他人的请求,相当于 Yes./OK./Great./Certainly./Of course. —Did you have a good trip?旅途愉快吗? —Sure./Of course.当然。
—Would you like to go with us?愿意和我们一起去吗? —Sure./Certainly.好啊。
◎be sure about/of意为“确信,对……有把握”,后接名词,代词或v-ing形式,表示对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断,主语必须是人。
I’m sure of passing the examination.我相信我会通过考试。
He lives in this building but I’m not sure about the room number.
他住在这栋楼里,但是房间号码我不太清楚。
◎be sure to意为“一定”,“肯定”,后接不定式,往往表示局外人的推测、评论,主语不一定是人。 It’s sure to rain tomorrow.明天一定会下雨。
She is sure to understand much more than before.她一定比以前懂得更多了。 试比较下面两句:
The old woman is sure to live to more than ninety. 这位老太太肯定可以活到九十多岁。
The old woman is sure of living to more than ninety. 这位老太太相信自己可以活到九十多岁。
◎be sure to 用于祈使句时,是“务必”,“切望”的意思。 Be sure to review the text after class.课后务必复习课文。 Be sure to come tomorrow,everyone.大家明天一定要来。 ◎be sure接that从句时,意为“认为……一定会”,主语必须是人,连词that可以省略。be sure后面还可以接由whether, where, when或who等引导的名词性从句,这时主句通常是否定形式。
I’m not sure whether I can come tomorrow.我明天是否能来还说不准。
I’m sure that I can run faster than you.我确信我比你跑得快。
7. ①be afraid to do因为害怕而不敢做某事 I'm afraid to speak in class.
②be afraid of ⑴害怕,畏惧:be afraid of sth /doing sth 害怕…
I used to be afraid of the dark. Fred is afraid of flying. He feels anxious before he gets on the plane. He is afraid of going /to go out alone at night. 他害怕夜晚独自出去。⑵担忧,忧虑(为某事可能产生的后果而担忧) He is afraid of dying.他怕死。 ③be afraid +that从句: 恐怕… I afaid that he can’t coming today.
8. I’m terrified of the dark. (P12) 我十分怕黑。
terrified为形容词,意为“受惊吓的,恐惧的”,表示“害怕……, 恐惧……”,固定用法be terrified of相当于be afraid of。但be terrified of 害怕的程度比 be afraid of 深.
I’m terrified of being at home by myself. 我很害怕独自
呆在家。 特别提示
terrified的动词形式为terrify,表示“使害怕”,“使恐惧”。 There are several persons terrifying the little boy. 有几个人正在恐吓那个小男孩。
9. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉。
(1)with my bedroom light on为介词短语,在句中用作状语,表示伴随情况。
He walked out of the room with his coat on. 他穿着外套走出了房间。 知识拓展
“with+名词+介词短语”结构也可用作状语,表示伴随情况。
The teacher came in with a book under his arm. 老师腋下夹着一本书走进教室。
The poor woman walked through the street with a baby on her back.
那可怜的妇女背着一个婴儿,穿过了街道。
(2)on在此处是形容词,意为“开着的,接通的”,常见的结构有:be/turn on。
—Is the light on in the room? 屋里的灯开着吗? —No. It’s off. 不,关着呢。
Turn on the radio, please. I’ll listen to the weather report. 请打开收音机,我要听天气预报。
一、短语Section 2B
1. walk to school = go to school on foot 步行去上学 take the bus to school = go to school by bus 乘公共汽车去上学 2. gym class 体操课.
3. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事 worry 是动词 be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 worried 是形容词
4. all the time 一直, 总是 5.these days 如今,现在
6. go right home马上回家 ,直接回家 7. spend time/money (in) doing sth 花时间/钱做某事
辨析:pay; take; cost ; spend:① sb pay for sth支付…的费用;pay money for sth ②It takes (sb) time/money to do sth. ③sth cost (sb) money ④sb spend time/money on sth /in doing sth 8. chat with 与…闲聊 9. hardly ever 几乎从不
hardly“几乎不”,表示否定含义,类似的词有:never,few,little,nothing,nobody等。 I am so tired that I can hardly do anything.我太累了几乎什么事情也干不了了。There is hardly any food left for me.几乎没有给我剩什么吃的东西。
hardly 修饰动词时,通常放在助动词、情态动词之
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英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
后,实义
动词之前 助动词/情态动词+hardly hardly + 实义动词 如:
I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。
I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。 2. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. (P15)俞梅似乎变化很大。
动词seem是“看起来像”,“似乎”的意思,其常用的句型有:
◎It seems+that 从句
It seems that he would never be able to work out the 10.the old days 过去的日子 11. in the last (few years)
“在过去的(几年)里” 用于现在完成时
My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
二、重点知识
1. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but I just don’t have the time any more. (P14)在上高中之前,我常常花费大量时间和朋友们一起做游戏,但是如今我再也没有这样的时间了。
(1)high school相当于middle school,意为“中学”,常指高中。
(2)本句中的spend意为“花费”,常用来说明某人买某物花了多少钱或某人花了多少时间做某事,主语通常为人,常见的句子结构有两种:
◎sb spends some money/time on sth
She spends a lot of money on books. 她花很多钱买书。 ◎sb spends some money/time in doing sth,其中介词in可以省略。
They spent two hours (in) looking for the cat. 他们花了两个小时找那只猫。 特别提示
take, pay与cost也可以表示“花费”: ◎take意为“花费”,常用形式主语it,真正的主语是动词不定式,常见的句子结构有:
“It takes (took)+时间/金钱+动词不定式”(表示“做某事花费了多少时间/金钱”)和“It takes+sb+时间/金钱+动词不定式”(“做某事花费了某人多少时间/金钱”)。 It’ll take only ten minutes to walk to the supermarket. 只要十分钟,就可以走到那家超市。
It took Yang Liwei about 21 hours to circle the earth in his spaceship.
乘宇宙飞船环绕地球大约花费了杨利伟21个小时。 ◎pay的基本意思是“支付”,主语是表示人的名词或代词,常与for连用。
How much did you pay for all these books? 这些书你是花多少钱买的?
◎cost也可作“花费”解,其主语是“物”或“事”,常用于sth costs (sb) some money结构。
The dictionary cost me 40 yuan. 这本字典花了我40元钱。
(3) no more (用在句中)=not…any more (用在句尾) 指次数“不再……”;
no longer (用在句中)=not…any longer (用在句尾) 指时间“不再……”
question.
看来他好像永远无法解决那个问题。 ◎seem+形容词
Your father seems quite happy. 你的父亲看起来很高兴。 ◎seem+动词不定式
Li Fang seems to know everything.李芳好像什么都知道。 特别提示
“It seems+that 从句”通常可以转化成“名词/代词+seems+动词不定式短语”这一简单句型,如果动词不定式短语是“to be+形容词”,to be可以被省略。 It seems that his temperature is all right.
=His temperature seems (to be) all right. 他的体温似乎很正常。
It seems that she doesn’t get on well with her classmates. =She doesn’t seem to get on well with her classmates. 她似乎与同学们相处的不好。 短语链语
seem like...意为“似乎,好像”。
It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎好多年不见了。
一、短语Reading2
1. cause trouble惹麻烦
2. 支付不起… can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth. can’t / couldn’t afford sth. 如:I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car. I can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。
3. as well as“不仅…而且…;既…又…”
His mother looked after him as well as she could.他的母亲尽可能好好照顾他
Living things need air and light as well as water. 生物不仅需要水,而且还需要空气和阳光。 She helps Tom as well as I.
除了我以外她也帮了汤姆的忙。
4.get into trouble招惹麻烦; get into trouble with sb惹…的麻烦,与…发生纠缠 He often gets into trouble with the police.
5.in the end 最后, 终于= at last 6.make a decision 做出决定 7.send …to…把…送到…
8.to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 9.even though=even if“即使”
Even if I have to walk all the way, I’ll get there. 即使我得一路走着去,我也要走到那里。
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英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
I like her even though she can be annoying.尽管有时他很烦人,但是我还是喜欢她。 10.no longer不再,已不
11.take pride in对…感到自豪
He would take pride in everything good I do. 12.pay attention to sb
注意某人,仔细听某人的话 13. a top student尖子生 14.give up sth/ doing sth 放弃(做)某事 15.not …any more英式
not…anymore美式 (不再,已不) 16. change one’s life 改变某人的生活
二、重点知识
1.However, after his father’s death a few years ago, Martin’s life became much more difficult. (P16)然而,几年以前,在他父亲死后,马丁的生活变得更困难了。 本句中的dead意为“死的”,是形容词,表示“死的,无生命的”,常与be动词连用,指死的状态。
He is dead, but his name will live in our hearts forever. 他虽然死了,但他的名字将永远留在我们心中。
Her grandfather has been dead for more than two years. 她的爷爷去世两年多了。 特别提示
die, dying, death也可以表示“死”。 ◎die意为“死亡,断气”,是终止性动词,指生命的结束,强调动作。
His mother died two years ago. 他的母亲两年前去世了。 ◎dying是die的现在分词,通常作形容词使用,是“要死的”,“垂危的”,“濒临死亡的”的意思。 This dog is dying. 这条狗快要死了。 ◎death是die的名词,意为“死亡”。
It makes me very sad when I think of my little dog’s death. 当我想起我小狗的死亡时,我很难过。
2. ...but to his surprise, this phone call changed his life. (P16)……但是,令他惊奇的是,这次通话改变了他的人生。
本句中的to one’s surprise意为“令某人惊奇的是”,常常置于句首。其中to是“致使”的意思,后面接表示情感的名词,指一个事件使某人心中产生了某种情感。 To my surprise, he failed in the examination. 使我奇怪的是,他考试不及格。
To everyone’s surprise, Mr King refused. 使每个人感到惊奇的是,金先生拒绝了。 类似短语
to one’s joy/horror/satisfaction“使人高兴/惊恐/满意的是”。 特别提示
in surprise意为“惊奇地”。
The two men looked at each other in surprise. 那两个人惊奇地互相看着。
“How did you come to know it?” I asked in surprise.
“你是怎么知道这件事的?”我吃惊地问。
3. and didn’t give up trying to help him (P17)没有放弃努力帮他
本句中的give up意为“放弃,停止”,相当于stop doing sth,其后可接名词或动词的-ing形式。 Don’t give up halfway. 不要半途而废。
You mustn’t give up studying foreign languages for even a day.
你一定不能放弃学习外语,哪怕是一天也不行。 ◎give up还可以表示“认输,投降”。
I give up. Tell me the answer. 我认输了。告诉我答案吧。 魔力纠错
吸烟对你的健康有害,所以你必须戒烟。
误:Smoking is bad for your health, so you must give up it. 正:Smoking is bad for your health, so you must give it up.
一、短语Section 3A
Unit.3
1. be allowed to do sth 被允许干…
I am not allowed to watch TV at home. allow sb to do sth 允许某人干…
allow doing sth 允许干… 2. go out with their friends 和朋友一块出去
3.sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16岁的孩子
4.part-time jobs 兼职工作/ full-time jobs全职工作 5.get one’s ears pierced 穿耳孔
get sth +过去分词=have sth+过去分词:“使…被…” You must get your coat washed.
I couldn't get my car started this morning.今天早晨我无法把汽车发动起来
6.choose one’s own clothes 选自己的衣服 7. a driver’s license 驾照
8.enough 用法: enough money/books; old enough 9.seem to 好像
10.on weekends 在周末 11.instead of 代替,而不是
辨析:instead (adv.); instead of (prep.)
I won’t go there, I’ll go to the park instead. They talk instead of doing homework. I did it instead of him. 12. at that age 在那个年龄段 13.so do we 我们也一样
倒装句: 口诀:前后主语不一样,语序当然用倒装;前后主语一个样,语序当然要正常(用陈述语序)
So + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为肯定) 表示与前面所述事实一致.
Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致. 例: He likes oranges. So do we.
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英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
He doesn’t like oranges. Neither do we. She went to the cinema yesterday. So did I.
She didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. Neither did I. Tom can swim. So can John.
Tom can’t swim. Neither can John.
So +主语+ be动词/助动词/情态动词 表示对前面事实的进一步确认.
例: Henry is very tired. So he is.(的确是)
He surfed Internet for two hours. So he did.(的确是) ② He likes music.----- Music is liked by him. I ask him to help her.---He is asked to help her. She makes me go there every day. ----I am made to go there every day by her.
They gave me some flowers. ----I was given some flowers by them . / Some flowers were given to me by them.
③特殊句型:be made in; be made of; be made from; be made up of; be used /spoken as
They will win the game. So they will.(他们会的) 14.on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上
15.by 10:00pm 晚上十点前,by不迟于,常用于将来时的句子中
16.stay up熬夜 ,不睡觉 He is allowed to stay up until 11:00.
17.clean up (v-adv.) 打扫干净, 收拾整洁 They were all busy cleaning up the ground. 二、重点知识 1.语态:
①英语有两种语态:主动语态和补动语态 主动语态表示是动作的执行者
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
Cats eat fish. (主动语态)猫吃鱼。
Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。 ②被动语态的构成
由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成
助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则
与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般am 现are +过去分词 English is spoken in 在 is many countries. 时 一般过was +过去分词 This bridge was 去 were + 过去分词 built in 19. 时 情 can/should 态 may +be+过去分The work must be 动 词 done right now. 词 must/…… ③被动语态的用法 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。 2.例子:
①形式:主语+be+过去分词+by短语
3. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. (P18)我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔。
(1)当主句的主语是第一人称I或we,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等词时,其后的从句不能是含有not的否定句;若要否定,须将not提到主句。在翻译时,按汉语习惯译作否定从句。例如:“我想他不会给你打电话的”应译为I don’t think he will give you a call而不是I think he won’t give you a call。 特别提示
若把此类句式变成反意疑问句,其助动词及主语要根据从句确定,而肯定/否定则要根据主句来确定。
We think you can help him, can’t you? 我们认为你能帮助他,不是吗?
I don’t think he is a good student, is he? 我认为他不是个好学生,对吗?
(2)本句中的twelve-year-olds相当于twelve-year-old teenagers,意为“12岁的孩子/年轻人”。 知识拓展
数词和一个相应的名词单数用“-”连接起来,可以构成一个合成形容词。常见的还有: two-month holiday 两个月的假期 a sixty-pound stone 一块60磅的石头
(3)get their ears pierced属于“get+名词/代词+动词的过去分词”结构,表示“使……被做”,“请人做……”。 Go and get your hair cut! 你去理理发吧。
Why haven’t you got the work done yet? 你为什么还不叫人把活干了呢? 4. I disagree. (P19)我不同意。 I agree. (P19)我同意。
(1)agree意为“赞成,同意”,用来表示同意某人的意见、观点等;可以单独使用,也可以接由with, to, on等引导的介词短语或接从句。
—Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 我们明天去动物园,好吗?
—I agree. 我同意。
I quite agree with you. 我完全赞成你的意见。 Do you agree on this plan? 你同意这个计划吗? 知识拓展
agree with, agree to和agree on都表示“同意”,但用法不同。
◎agree with表示“同意”,后面接表示人的名词或代词,也可以接表示“意见,看法”的名词。
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英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
We all agree with him. 我们都同意他的意见。 Do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的观点吗? ◎agree to表示“同意”,后面接表示“计划,建议,安排”等的名词,接动词原形时构成动词不定式结构。
He agreed to our plan at last. 最后他同意了我们的计划。 They agreed to come on Monday. 他们同意星期一来。 ◎agree on表示“(两人以上)就……取得一致意见,在……方面意见一致”,其主语多为复数形式,宾语是表示事、计划等的名词,而不是表示人的名词或代词,Do you ever worry that you'll fail (in) a test? fail (in) a test考试不及格; fail to do sth 未能做某事
Jim failed to pass the Chinese test. pass a test考试及格; take a test参加考试 3. be strict with 对…要求严格
be strict with + 人. be strict in + 事物. 4.the other day= a few days ago
它可以与agree in doing sth替换。 They agreed on the plan.
=They agreed in doing the plan. 他们对这个计划意见一致。 特别提示
agree with也可以表示“某人适应(食物、气候等)”。 The weather doesn’t agree with me. 我不适应这种天气。 (2)disagree是agree的反义词,相当于not agree。
5. They talk instead of doing homework. (P19)他们会说话而不做作业。
本句中的instead of是复合介词,意思是“代替”,后面往往接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语, of后面的内容是被否定的。
I want that book instead of this one. 我要那本书而不是这本。
We went to swim instead of playing basketball. 我们没有去打篮球,而是去游泳了。 特别提示
副词instead和instead of意思相同,但用法却不同。instead意为“代替,顶替”,常位于句首或句末,可不译。 I didn’t go to cinema. Instead, I went to go shopping. 我没有去看电影,我去购物了。
The water here is not good, so I drink coffee instead. 这里的水不好,所以我改喝咖啡。
6. Find someone who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm. (P20) 找出被允许熬夜到11点的人。 (1)who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm是一个定语从句,用来修饰前面的someone。
The man who is smoking is my father. 正在抽烟的那个人是我的父亲。
The foreigner who visited our class is from Canada. 访问我们班的那个外国人来自加拿大。
(2)stay up在这里是“熬夜”,“不睡觉”的意思,相当于not go to bed。
He stayed up too late last night. 他昨天晚上熬夜到很晚。 She promised the children they could stay up for homework.
她承诺孩子们可以熬夜做作业。
一、短语Section 3B
1.get to class late . 上课迟到 2.fail (in) sth做某事失败
前几天,不久以前
5.all my classmates 我所有的同学 6.concentrate on…专注于…
We would concentrate more on our clothes. 7.辨析:①be good to sb/sth对…好
She is very good to me.
② be good to do sth做某事好 例:
Why is it good to volunteer? ③be good at擅长;= do well in
He is good at English.=He does well in English. ④ be good for对…有益 Swimming is good for our health. 8. be a good way to do 是…的好方法
9.keep +宾语+形容词 “使…保持…状态” We must keep him happy.Keep the door closed.
10.both;neither用法:Both answers are right.---Neither answer is right.
Both of the answers are right.---Neither of the answers is right.
11. It’s a good idea for sb. to do 是…的好主意 12. in groups 成群的,按组的
13.get noisy 吵闹(系表结构) 14. learn from sb. 向某人学习 15.at present现在,目前
At present, the holidays are too short. 16. have an opportunity to do sth
有做…的机会= have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事
17. be a good/great experience for sb. 对…来说是一次很好的经历
18. English-English dictionary 英英词典 19. at least 至少
20. eight hours’ sleep a night 每晚8小时的睡眠
21. an old people’s home 敬老院
22. perform a play for sb为…表演节目 23. primary schools 小学 24. newspaper office报社 25. be sleepy 睏
26. after a long week of classes 上完一周课之后
27. have+时间+off 放假,休息
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英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
28. reply to 回答,答复
二、重点知识
1. wear, have on , be in, dress, put on, 这些动词或词组均含“穿衣,穿”之意。
wear最常用词,指穿衣、鞋袜或戴手套等,侧重穿戴的状态。
She likes wearing purple clothes.
have on 表“穿着、戴着”,后跟衣服、帽子、鞋子等,但不用于进行时。
She has on a red dress and white shoes today.
be in表“穿着、戴着”,后跟表衣服颜色的词或具体衣服的名词。如:He is in red / in a coat.
dress普通用词,指给自己或他人穿衣。既表动作又可表状态,后面通常接人。dress sb.(up); dress oneself Her son is too young to dress himself.
put on普通用语,指把衣服、鞋袜、帽子、手套等戴上去,侧重穿戴的动作。
You’d better put on more clothes. It’s cold outside.
2. Do you ever worry that you’ll fail a test? (P21)你曾经担心过考试不及格吗?
fail表示考试“不及格”或“不通过”,相当于not pass。 I think I may fail in the English exam this time.我想这次英语考试我可能不及格。
3. Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. (P21)父母对青少年不应该要求太严格。
形容词strict是“严格的”,“严厉的”的意思,对人严格时用介词with,对工作等严格时用介词in。
The teacher was very strict with his students. 这位老师对学生非常严厉。
He is always strict in his work. 他总是对工作要求很严格。
4. The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. (P22)那天,我和我的朋友们谈论我们学校的各种规章制度。
(1)the other day表示“几天以前,不久前的一天”。 I saw him in the street the other day. 不久前的一天,我在街上看到了他。
Li Ming and I went shopping the other day. 几天以前我和李明去购物了。
(3)本句中的get to意为“开始,着手”,后面接动词的-ing形式,表示“着手或开始做某事”。
We get to working after a short rest. 我们歇息了一会儿后就开始干起活来。
He got to wondering why he was in the job. 他对自己为什么会从事这份工作感到诧异。
5. We think young people should look smart and so we would like to wear our own clothes. (P22)我们想年轻人应该看起来漂亮潇洒,因此我们想穿自己的衣服。 (1)形容词smart意为“聪明的,机敏的,精明的”,相当于clever。
The dolphin is a smart animal. 海豚是聪明的动物。
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He looks very smart in his suit. 他穿上他的西装看起来很帅气。
(2)would like意为“想要”,相当于want,后面接名词或动词不定式。
I would like a cup of coffee. 我想要杯咖啡。
I didn’t want to go to the cinema. I would like to stay at home.
我不想去看电影,我想呆在家里。
◎ would like sb to do sth表示“想要某人做某事”。 I’d like you to help me with my homework. 我想要你帮助我做家庭作业。 特别提示
feel like也可以译为“想要”,有时可以与would like替换;其后接名词或动词的-ing形式。
She feels like a good meal. 她想美美地吃一顿。 I feel like seeing a film tonight. 我今晚想去看电影。 6. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies. (P22)我们老师相信,如果我们那样做了,我们就会将注意力更多地集中在服装上,而不是学习上。
(1)believe是及物动词,意为“相信”,其后可跟名词或从句。
I don’t believe his story. 我不相信他的故事。
I believe he told us the truth. 我认为他告诉我们的是真的。
◎believe in表示“信任”(即trust)。 She doesn’t believe in God. 她不信奉上帝。
(2)在that if...的句中,that放在believe后面用来引导一个宾语从句,而if则在宾语从句中引导一个条件状语从句,we would...则是宾语从句中的主句。
We are sure that if they come on time, they won’t be in the rain.
我们都确信,如果他们准时到的话,就不会被雨淋了。 (3)动词concentrate常常构成concentrate(...)on sth,表示“专心致志(于某件事),精神集中,全神贯注(做某事)”。
I can’t concentrate on my work when I’m hungry. 我饿了就无法集中精力工作。
We must concentrate our attention on efficiency. 我们必须把注意力集中在效率上。
7. I know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other. (P22)我知道我们有时很吵,但是我们相互之间可以学到很多东西。
(1)本句中的learn...from意为“向……学习”。
We used to learn English from Da Shan. 我们以前常常跟大山学英语。
He never learns from his mistakes. 他从来不从错误中吸取教训。
◎learn to do sth“学习,学会做某事”。
I’m learning to keep rabbits. 我正学着养兔子。
How did Bill Gates learn to work out a software programme?
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
比尔·盖茨是怎样学会设计软件程序的? 短语链语
learn of“听到”,“获悉”。
He learned of the accident just now. 他刚才听到事故的消息。
(2) 在现代英语中,each other和one another在用法上没有什么区别,一般认为each other多用于非正式文体;而one another多用于较正式文体。
8. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital. (P22)去年夏天,我有机会在一家当地医院做志愿者。
(1)本句中的volunteer是动词,表示“自愿做某事,当志愿者”等意思。volunteer to do sth. 自愿做…
We volunteered to raise the money. 我们志愿募捐。 特别提示
volunteer作名词时表示“自愿做工或无偿做工的人,志愿者”。
This work costs us nothing. It’s all done by volunteers. 这项工作我们没有花一点钱,全是由志愿人员完成的。 (2)local是形容词,意为“本地的,地方的”,在句中用作定语。
Following the national news we have the local news and weather.
国内新闻之后是本地新闻和天气预报。 She’s a local girl. 她是本地姑娘。 特别提示
local用作名词时,通常用复数形式,意思是“本地人,当地人”。
The locals like to visit friends on weekends. 当地人喜欢周末访友。
(3) chance 指侥幸的,偶尔的机会,还可表示“可能性” opportunity 指有利的时机,良机. 二者有时可以互换.
have an opportunity to do sth有机会做某事 have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事
Don’t be too frustrated. You’ll have another opportunity to go to college next year. 别太沮丧了,你还有上大学的机会.
9. On Friday afternoons, many students are sleepy after a long week of classes.(P23)
sleepy 欲睡的,困倦的;sleeping睡眠中的;
asleep(不能修饰名词,只能作表语) 熟睡的,入睡的 10. I would like to reply to the article “Helping and Learning” in your last newsletter. (P23)我想回答你们上期简讯上“帮与学”这篇文章中的问题。
(1)本句中的reply意为“回答,应答”,一般只用作不及物动词,后面与to连用,表示“回答某人、问题、文章、信件等”。
He didn’t reply to my letter. 他没有给我回信。
How can you reply to my questions? 你如何回答我的问题呢? 特别提示
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reply严格地说是经过深思熟虑后,一一答复对方的问题或观点,故当以answer表示像answer the telephone这样一般性的应答时,不能用reply代替。
(2)in your last newsletter是介词短语,在句中用作定语,修饰article。
一、短语
Reading3
1. get in the way of妨碍
get in one’s way 挡住某人的去路 2 a professional athlete 职业运动员 3.achieve one’s dreams实现某人的梦想 4. have nothing against doing sth不反对… 5. think about 思考,考虑 6. in the end = finally = at last最后,终于 7.make a decision 做决定
Should I be allowed to make my own decisions? 8.be serious about对…感兴趣的/是认真的. But I'm serious about running. 9.care aboutsb/ sth 关心,留心,重视 I know that my father cares about me. 二、重点知识
Now he is getting older, he needs to think about what will happen if ---
happen, take place “发生”,都没有被动语态
happen泛指一切客观事物或情况的发生,强调动作的偶然性。通常用物作主语。如:sth. happen to sb. 某人发生了某事;
This accident happened to him.
若人作主语,则当“碰巧”讲,且后接不定式;如: sb. happen to do sth 某人碰巧作某事 Jim happened to pass the test.
take place多指通过人为安排好的或事先预料会发生。 Great changes have taken place in Chongqing now.
一、短语
Unit 4 Section 4A
1. give the money to charity 将钱捐献给慈善机构
2. put the money in the bank存钱 3. medical research 医学研究 4.wear a shirt and tie 穿西装打领带
5.What if …… 如果…怎么样? 6.get nervous 紧张
7.get pimples长痘痘 8.take a walk散步
9.take a big exam 参加大考
10.too…to… 太。。。。。。而不能
11. be a lot of trouble很麻烦 12、①give sb sth=give sth to sb
类似的词还有:pass、lend、show、write、send等 ②buy sb sth=buy sth for sb
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
tying。
He tied his dog to the fence. 他把狗拴在了栅栏上。 4. If I were you, I’d be a little late. (P27) 如果我是你,我就晚点到。
a little可以作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及形容词二、重点知识 和副词的比较级等,相当于a bit。 1. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句 即 虚拟语气 Try to help your mother a little. 设法帮你妈妈一点忙。 通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动I feel a little better. 我感觉好一点了。 作或存在的状态 特别提示 所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气,虚拟语气a little意为“一点,稍微”,既可作形容词,又可作名词。表示说话人所说的 用作形容词时,表达肯定含义,后面接不可数名词。 话不是事实,而是一种祝愿,建议或是与事实相反Please give me a little water.请给我一点水。(形容词) 的假设等。 I know a little about that man.那个人的情况我知道一点。 If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件(名词) 句,非真实条件 魔力解析 句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相not a little和not a bit两者意义不同,前者意为“很多”,“不反时,其虚拟语气结构为: 少”(=much),后者意为“一点也不”,“一点也没有”(=not
at all)。 句 型 条件从句 主 句 4. What if everyone else brings a present? (P27)要是其谓语动词形动词过去式(bewould+动词原 他人都带了礼物该怎么办呢? 式 动词用were) 形 表示“其他 即:(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were), (1)everyone else中的else用来修饰everyone,
的,别的”,它常放在疑问词或不定代词的后面。 一般过去时
Is there anything else? 有别的东西吗? (主句) 主语+would+动词原形 过去将
What else can you see? 你能看见别的什么东西吗? 来时
知识拓展 如:If I had time, I would go for a walk. else还常与or连用,意思是“否则,要不然”。 如果我有时间,我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没
You must pay $100 or else go to prison. 你必须付一百有时间)
美元,否则就得去坐牢。 If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
(2)what if 表示“要是……又怎么样?”的意思,其结构假如我是你的话,我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是
相当于what would happen if...。 你)
What if it rains when we can’t get under shelter? I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假若下起雨来,我们又没处避雨可怎么办? 假如有人请我当电影演员,我会表示拒绝。(事实
5. Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble. (P28)噢,狗可能带上瑞没有人请我当电影演员)
来许多麻烦。 2. What would you do if you won a million dollars?
名词trouble在这里意为“麻烦,烦恼,困难”。 (P26)假如你赢了一百万美元,你将用它做什么?
I have some trouble in reading his handwriting. 我认他的动词win和beat 都可以表示“赢,胜”,其区别是:前
笔迹有点难。 者后接比赛、奖品、名声、胜利、游戏、战役等;后者
I am sorry to put you to so much trouble. 很抱歉这样麻接人、队。
烦你。 I was very glad when the boys won the relay race.
短语链语 男同学们赢得了接力赛跑,我非常高兴。
be in trouble “处于困境中”。 You beat me in the race, but I’ll beat you at tennis.
He is in trouble. Let’s help him. 他现在处于困境中,我们赛跑你胜了我,但网球我要赢你。
帮帮他吧。 短语链语
类似的词还有:make、draw、cook等
13、hundred、thousand、mi11ion与数字连用不能用复数。
hundreds of、thousands of、mi11ions of中必须用复数。 win a battle打胜仗;win the war赢得战争;win a bet赌赢;win a match比赛获胜;win an election选举获胜。 3. If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie. (P27) 如果我是你,我就穿衬衫戴领带。
tie在这里是名词,意为“领带,带子”等。 He wore a blue tie.他打着蓝色的领带。 知识拓展
tie也可用作动词,表示“系”,“捆绑”,常与介词to连用,表示“把……系在……上”。特别注意tie的现在分词为
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一、短语
Section 4B
1. in public 在公共场合 2.hardly ever 几乎不 3. give a speech 演讲 4. the whole school 全校
5. without permission 未经许可
6. ask one’s permision 请求某人的允许 7. be in a movie 演电影
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
8. be(make) friends with 与…交朋友 9. introduce myself自我介绍
10. introduce…to… 把…介绍给… 11. invite…to do… 邀请…干… 12. social situations 社会环境
13. in the slightest 一点也,根本
not… in the slightest/ at all 根本不,一点也不
“Do you mind my opening the window?” “Not in the slightest . Please do it.”
14. plenty of =a lot of/lots of(常用于肯定句中)很多的,
足够的
15.get along with = get on with 与 … 相处; get along with sb. very well 与某人友好相处
16. a circle of friends 朋友圈
17.say sth. bad about sb.说某人坏话
18. right away = right off =at once立刻,马上 19. think about考虑 20. all day 全天
21. be friendly to 对…友好 22. at lunch time 在午饭时间 23. a bit shy 有点害羞
24. English speech contest 英语演讲比赛 25. represent the class代表班级 26. come top in… 在 … 中取得第一 28. let sb. down让某人失望
let sth. down 放低,放下某物
27. come up with: =to think of ( a plan, answer, reply,etc.)针对问题提出,想出(解决方法)
29. the rest of the students = the other students其余的学生(the rest 其余的,可指代可数或不可数名词。The other(s) 只能指代可数名词)
confident that she will win the race.
(4)pretty在这里作副词用,相当于very,可用来修饰形容词或副词,意为“相当地”,表示程度。如:pretty beautiful很美;pretty well相当好。
语气由轻到重的顺序大致是:fairly—quite—rather / pretty—very(相当地)
I’m pretty sure he will come on time. 我很确信他会准时来。
The homework you did yesterday is pretty poor, you’d better do it once more.你昨天的作业做得相当糟,你最好重做。
3. Social situations don’t bother you in the slightest. (P30)社会环境一点儿也不会影响你。 本句中的bother是“打扰,扰乱”的意思,相当于disturb。 He’s busy. Don’t bother him. 他很忙,别打扰他。
I’m sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time? 很抱歉打扰了,你能告诉我几点了吗?
4.You have plenty of friends and you enjoy the
而且还喜company of other people. (P30)你有很多朋友,
欢同他人在一起。 ◎plenty与of构成固定词组,意为“很多的”,“大量的”,既可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,也可以修饰不可数名词。“plenty of+名词”在句中作主语时,谓语动词的数由plenty of后面的名词的数决定。
There are plenty of books on the desk.桌上有许多书。 Don’t worry. There is plenty of time.别着急,时间很充裕。 5. Your friends would probably say that you are easy to get along with.(P30)你的朋友或许说你很容易相处。 get on/along with sb都可表示“与某人相处”,在with前可以加副词,表示“相处得如何”。如:当表示“和某人相处融洽”时可用get on/along well with sb。 特别提示
get on/along with sth后面接事或物时,表示“(某事)进展,进行”之意。
—How are you getting on with your studies? 你的功课学得怎样?
—I’m getting along very well with my studies. 我功课学得很好。
6. You like talking to one or two people rather than to a group. (P30)你喜欢跟一两个人说话,而不喜欢跟一群人说话。
本句中的rather than相当于instead of,表示“不愿,不要,不是”之意,常用来连接两个并列的句子成分,前后要对称。
I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想要一杯冷饮料而不是咖啡。
He ran rather than walked to school. 他跑步去上学而不是步行。
She enjoys listening rather than speaking.她喜欢听而不是说。
I like going out with you rather than with him.我喜欢和你而不是和他一起外出。
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二、重点知识
1. I’d tell him to ask my permission before he borrows something next time.(P29)我会告诉他下次他借我东西之前要经过我的允许。
permission 的动词是 permit, permission 的前面一般不用限定词,但有时可用物主代词或名词所有格,表允许做某事,通常在其后接不定式。
She asked Mike’s permission to use his car.
2. If you answered c for most questions, then you are probably pretty confident. (P30)如果你大部分问题的答案都是c, 那么你可能相当自信。
(1)answer ...for questions意为“把问题回答成……”。 (2)confident是形容词,其名词为confidence,常用句型:have confidence in sb表示“信任/信赖某人”。 I have complete confidence in him. 我完全信任他。 be confident of sth / doing sth = be confident that + 从句: 确信……; 对…… 有信心
She is confident of winning the race.= She is
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
特别提示
rather than还可以用在“prefer+动词不定式”的后面,后接另一动词不定式(to要省略)。 I prefer to read rather than do nothing. 我宁愿看书也不愿无所事事。 魔力纠错: 我喜欢苹果,而不喜欢梨。 误:I prefer apples to rather than pears. 正:I prefer apples to pears. 魔力解析:
“prefer+名词/动名词+to+名词/动名词”结构本身就含有比较之意,所以不能使用rather than短语。
7.You would also rather stay at home and read good book than go to a party.(P30)你也会宁愿待在家里读书而不愿去参加聚会。
would rather … than … (= would … rather than)宁愿,而不愿。
前后连接两个动词原形,否定形式为:would rather not do sth ①would rather … than … = prefer … to …
但prefer … to … 若连接两个动词,动词应为v-ing 形式。
Eg. He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football.
②would rather 常单独使用,表示“宁愿做…” eg He would rather watch TV at home.
4Reading
一、短语
1.have a lot of experience (in) doing sth 在做某事方面有经验
2. deal with = do with 对付,处理 3.come out 出版,开花,显现 4.give advice on sth
在…方面提出意见、建议 5.a piece of advice 一则建议 6.ask for advice 征求意见
7.by accident = by chance 偶然地,无意之中 8.cover A with B 用B盖住A
9.be covered with sth 被用某物盖住 10.fall downstairs 从楼上跌下来 11.hurry to do sth 匆匆忙忙干… 12.hurry up 快点
13.hurry off to do sth匆匆忙忙去干某事 14.injore one’s + 部位 = one’s + 部位+hurt 伤了某人某部位
15.offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 把某物提供给某人
16.offer to do sth 提供做某事 17.refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
18.rufuse sb to do sth 拒绝某人做某事 19.the dangers of smoking吸烟的危害
20.hide sth from sb 把某物藏起来不让某人知道
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21.an internet friend 网友
22.in a public place 在一个公共场所 23.go alone = go by oneself 独自一人去
一、短语
Unit 5 Section 5A
1. toy car 玩具汽车
2. favorite author 最喜欢的作家 3.at the picnic 在野餐中
4.listen to classical music听古典音乐 5.a hair band 一个发带
6.at school上学、求学、在学校 7.they both 他们两个
8.go to the concert去听音乐会 9.have any/some idea知道 have no idea不知道
10.during the concert 在音乐会中 11.in the symphony hall 在交响乐大厅
12.at your optometrist appointment 你在配眼镜 13.the final exam期末考试
14.It’s crucial that + 从句: 关键的是----- 15.be anxious about sth 为某事而担忧 be anxious for sth 渴望得到某物
be anxious for sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事 be anxious to do sth 极想做某事
be anxious that + 从句:希望,渴望---(用虚拟语气) 16. because of sth./doing sth. 因为…… 辨析:because; because of:
because of +代词/名词/动名词 是“因为”的意思,而because后加从句
She didn’t know yesterday’s homework, because she didn’t come yesterday. She is worried because of her test. Because of these, he failed.
17.a present for sb 给某人的礼物 二、重点知识
1、情态动词表示推测:
(1)must常用于肯定句中,意为“准是、一定”,它表达的肯定程度最大,可以达到100%。
(2)could、might、may的意思是“可能、也许”,表示推测,它们所表达的肯定程度较低,这三个词相比may的可能性稍大一些;他们的肯定程度在20%至80%。 (3)can’t的意思之“不可能”,它相应的肯定形式是must;它的可能性为0% 。
(4)must、could、might和can’t的后面可用一般现在时、现在进行时,表示对现在的动作、状态或正在进行的动作的推测。 例:He might/could be playing basketball now.他现在可能正在打篮球。
I’m sure that she can’t stay at home.我确信她不在家。 He must be walking in the garden.他肯定在花园里散步。
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
2. It must belong to Carla.(P34)它肯定是卡拉的。
belong to是“属于;属于…的”的意思,后面常接人,这时句子的主语习惯是用物件名词或代词来充当。 This cell phone belongs to me. 这个手机是我的。 ◎belong to常与物主代词进行句型替换。
These books belong to me.=These books are mine.这些书属于我的。
◎ belong to…属于…的;是…的一员
I belong to the tennis club.我是网球俱乐部的一员。 What party do you belong to?你是哪个党的党员? 3. He was the only little kid at the picnic. (P34)他是野餐中惟一的小孩。
副词only一般放在它所修饰的词之前。它在句中的位置不同,句意也不同,大家千万要留意啊! Only Tom drives the new car on Sunday.
只有汤姆在星期日开新车。(强调“只有汤姆而没有其他人”。)
Tom only drives the new car on Sunday.
汤姆在星期日只是开新车。(强调“只是开车而不干其他事”。)
Tom drives only the new car on Sunday.
汤姆在星期日只开新车。(强调“只开新车而不开旧车”。)
Tom drives the new car only on Sunday.
汤姆仅在星期日开新车。(强调“只在星期日而不在其他日子”。)
4. author与writer:
auther 指某一本书或某篇文章的作者; writer 着重指职业
5.I dropped it during the concert so it might still be in the symphony hall. (P36)音乐会期间我把它弄丢了,因此,它可能还在交响乐大厅里。
drop在此处用作及物动词,是“使落下”的意思,表示无意或故意掉下某一物体。
The Class Two runner dropped his stick on the ground. 二班的运动员把接力棒掉在了地上。
He dropped the letter into the mailbox. 他把信投入信箱。 ◎drop还可用作不及物动词,后面不接宾语,表示“掉下,落下”之意。
The apple dropped from the tree to the ground. 苹果从树上掉到地上。
The kite dropped into a very tall tree. 风筝落在了一棵大树上。
◎drop作动词时,还有“放弃,不再干”的意思,与give up同义。
Don’t drop English. It’s very useful. 不要放弃英语,它非常有用。
Let’s drop that subject and discuss something else. 让我们放弃这个题目,谈点别的吧。 特别提示
drop作名词时,是“滴,少量”;“下降,下落”的意思。 —Would you like some more tea? 想再喝点茶吗?
15
—Just a drop, please. 请给一点。
There was a sudden drop in the temperature. 气温突然下降。
与drop相关的短语: drop in 顺便拜访
drop in on sb 顺便走访某人 drop behind 落后,落伍
6.It’s crucial that I study for it because it makes up 30% of the final exam. (P36)关键是我要复习应对的这次考试,因为它占期末考试的30%。
(1)It’s crucial that I study for it...是一个由that引导的主语从句。主语从句可以直接放在句首,也可以用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。
That light travels in straight lines is known to all.
=It’s known to all that light travels in straight lines.众所周知,光沿直线传播。
7. The earrings might be a present for his mother. (P36)耳环可能是他给他妈妈的礼物。 介词for在这里表示“为”,“给”。
Can I do something for you? 我能为你做些什么吗? 知识拓展
下面我们再看看for的其他用法: ◎表示“当作”,“作为”。
I’d like some bread and milk for breakfast. 早饭我想要些面包、牛奶。
◎表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“就……而言”,“对……来说”。
It’s important for us to learn English well. 学好英语对我们来说很重要。
◎表示理由或原因,意为“因为”,“由于”。
Thank you for teaching us so well. 谢谢你把我们教得这么好。
◎表示去向、目标,意为“向,往;取;买”等。 I came here for my schoolbag. 我来这儿取我的书包。 ◎表示时间、距离,意为“计,达”。
She has been an English teacher for seven years.她当一名英文老师有七年了。
◎表示与具体条件作比较,意为“比起来”,“就……来看”。
It’s rather hot for May. 对于五月来说,这已相当热了。
Section 5B
一、短语
1.chase追赶=run after;赶走,追捕 The Johnsons' cat likes to chase the mice as if it were playing with them. 约翰逊家的猫喜欢追逐老鼠,好象它在跟它们闹着玩似的。
The alien is chasing the boy. The cat chased the mouse but could not catch them. 2.run for exercise跑步锻炼 He could be running for exercise. 3. in the sky 在天空中
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
4. a strange creature 一个奇怪的生物
5. a woman with a camera 带着照相机的妇女 6. wear a suit 穿西服
7. catch a bus 赶公共汽车 8.used to … 过去常常…… 9.these days 近来
10.in our neighborhood 在我们社区 11.the local school/newspaper/zoo 地方的学校/报社/动物园 12strange noises 奇怪的声音
13.outside our window 在窗户外 14.have fun 娱乐
15.next door neighbor 隔壁邻居 16.at first 开始
17.be worried 焦虑的
18.his or her own idea她(他)自己的看法 19.there must be 一定有 20.late night深夜
21.in the hallway 在走廊
22.get in the window 进入窗户 23.in front of 在……的前面 24.escape from 从……逃出 25.in an ocean 在海洋里
an ocean of+名词:许许多多、无穷无尽的
an ocean of paper题海 I was swimming in an ocean of paper last night. 26.too much 太多.
27.be care of=look out当心、小心
28.be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做……
29.get on the plane/bus/train/subway 上飞机/公共汽车/火车/地铁
get off the plane/bus/train/subway下飞机/公共汽车/火车/地铁
get into the car/taxi上小车/出租车 get out of the car/taxi下小车/出租车 30.be worried about…担心……
31.a strange smell 一种奇怪的味道
32.句型: It is + 形容词/名词 + to do sth It is the best time to swim.
It is my greatest happiness to help others.帮助别人是我最大的快乐.
33.pretend to do sth假装做某事
He pretended to be reading.他假装在看书. pretend to be ill装病
34.be asleep =fall into sleep = fall asleep =go to sleep = get to sleep入睡
35.use up用光,用完,耗尽
Yesterday I used up all my money. 36.attempt to do sth 试图做某事
37. make a movie=be in a movie 拍电影 二、重点知识
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1. The magazine belongs to Carla. =The magazine is
Carla’s. 这本杂志是属于Carla 的。
2. He might know the way to the hospital.=It’s possible that he knows the way to the hospital. 他可能知道去医院的路。
3. Jack must be selling cars.=It’s certain that Jack is selling cars. 杰克肯定在买小车。
4. The house can’t belong to that woman. =It is certain that the house isn’t that woman’s. 这座房子不可能是那个妇女的。
5. What does “anxious” mean?=What’s the meaning of “anxious”?=What do you mean by “anxious” . “anxious”是什么意思?
6.garbage、rubbish、junk和waste:
(1)garbage废料、垃圾;(厨房倒弃的)剩饭、剩菜。 (2)rubbish=trash垃圾,普通用语,指各种垃圾,英国人常用rubbish,美国人常用trash.
(3)junk破烂物,指废铁、破布等,现在用来指使人发胖的食物。
(4)waste废物,指工厂排出的废水、废气或家庭垃圾等。
Unit 6
一、短语
Section A
1. dance to the music跟着音乐跳舞 I like the music that I can dance to. 2. prefer=like better更喜欢; ⑴ prefer sth更喜欢…;
I prefer summer to winter.和冬季相比我更喜欢夏季. I prefer music that has great lyrics.我更喜欢有抒情词句的音乐.
⑵prefer doing to doing…与…相比更喜欢… ;
I prefer swimming to skating. 与滑冰相比我更喜欢游泳.
⑶prefer to do rather than do宁可/宁愿…而不… I prefer to die rather steal.我宁死也不愿偷窃. I prefer to stay home rather than go out to play. 我宁可呆在家里也不愿出去玩。 ⑷prefer doing/to do sth更喜欢做某事 I prefer singing/to sing.我喜欢唱歌。 3. quiet and gentle music轻柔的音乐 4.along with和…一道,连同… 一起 sing along with music 跟着音乐唱歌
I love music that I can sing along with.我喜欢能够一起唱歌的音乐.
5.remind“提醒;使记起,使想起”:
(1)remind sb.of sth: 使某人记起某事
The pictures remind me of my school days. 这些照片使我想起了我的学生时代.
The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music. (2)remind sb.that+宾语从句: 提醒某人……
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
I remind him that he must go home before dark.我提醒他天黑前必须回家.
(3)remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
Can you remind me to wake me up at 6 o’clock?你能在6点钟时叫醒我吗?
6. be important to对……重要 二、重点知识 1. 定语从句
在复句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。
学习定语从句的关键是如何选择关联词。
由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用,又在从句中充当一个成分,因此, 要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能,如作主语还是宾语等。
(1)who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略) The man who I talked with is our teacher. (2) whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li. (3) which 指物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省 略, 如介词提前则不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books? (4)that 指人/物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略) A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man (that) I told you about.
2. What do you think of it? (P46)你认为它怎么样? think of和what连用,表示“觉得……怎样”,“认为……如何”,常用来询问对方对某人或某一事物的看法、感受、印象如何,相当于How do you like...?
What do you think of the story? = How do you like the story? 你觉得这个故事怎么样?
expect sb. to do sth期望某人干…… expect that + 从句:期望…… expect sb /sth: 期望某人 /某事 to be honest说实话
16.stay away from与……保持距离
17.be in agreement意见一致(后跟短语、句子)常与介词on /about连用如:
They are in agreement on that question. 他们对那个问题意见一致。
18.barbecued meat烤肉 19.a tag question反意疑问句 20.be bad for对……有害
21. increase by + 倍数/百分数:增加了…… 倍
increase to + 具体增长后的数字:增加到了…… 二、重点知识
1. It does have a few good features, though. (P48)可是,它的确有一些好的特色。
助动词does在本句中表示强调,说明我们对正在讨论的事感情强烈,does要重读,后面接动词原形。 You do look nice today. 你今天看起来真是漂亮。 She does talk a lot, doesn’t she? 她的确爱说话,不是吗? 知识拓展
◎助动词does可用在肯定句中,避免重复前面已经用过的某个动词。
She said she’d help me and she did. 她说她将帮助我,她也是这样做的。
◎祈使句中用do可以使邀请的口气更加客气、热情或友好。
Do sit down! 请坐!
2. ... and some of her best loved photos are on display in this exhibition. (P48)……她的部分深受好评的摄影照片也在这次展览会上展出。
本句中的on display表示“展出,陈列”,与on show同义。
Section B They saw many old things on display (=on show).
一、短语 他们看到许多展出的文物。 1. Yellow River黄河 3. ...they don’t interest me as much. (P48)……它们同2. Hong Tao’s latest movie洪涛最近的电影 样唤不起我的兴趣。 3. over the years多年来(常用于现在完成时) (1)interest 作动词时,表示“使发生兴趣,引起注意”。 4. be sure to do sth.务必干……一定干…… The story does not interest me. 这故事引不起我的兴趣。 5. one of the best-known Chinese photographers世界上I try to interest him in our plan. 我设法使他对我们的计最有名的中国摄影家之一 划感兴趣。 6. on display= on show展览,展出 ◎interest sb in doing sth使某人对做某事感兴趣 7. a world-class photographer一位世界级的摄影家 He tried to interest me in buying the house. 他想说服我买8. come and go来来往往 这座房子。 9. feel sick感到恶心,不舒服 (2)as much在句中表示“同样地,同等程度地”。 10. There’s nothing better.没有比这更好的了! That is as much as saying I am a liar. 那无异于说我撒谎11. be lucky to do幸运的是…… 了。 12. my six-month English course我6个月的英语课 4. Whatever you do, don’t miss this exhibition. (P48)13. most of my friends我的大部分朋友 无论如何都别错过这次展览。 14. go for去找某人,想法得到某事物 whatever在这里是连接代词,意为“任何的事物”、“无论15. expect to do sth.期望干…… 什么”、“无论什么样的”等,是由“疑问词+ever”构成的。
17
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
相当于“no matter + 疑问词”
Whatever has a beginning also has an end. 凡事有始必有终。
Whatever you do, you should always do carefully. 不管做什么,你都应该认真。 知识拓展
类似的词还有whenever, wherever, however, whoever,分别是“无论什么时候”、“无论在哪里”、“无论什么方式”、“无论谁”的意思。
Whenever I meet him, he says hello to me with a smile. 无论什么时候我遇到他,他都微笑着和我打招呼。 The little boy went wherever his mother went. 不论他妈妈去哪儿,这个小男孩都跟着。
In my own house, I can do whatever I wish. 在自己家中,我可以随心所欲。
Uncle Tom told his story to whoever wanted to listen. 谁爱听,汤姆叔叔就把他的故事讲给谁。
5. As the name suggests, ….这个名字表明,…. suggest 建议
◎suggest to sb that + 从句:从句中的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”,should 可以省略,意为“向某人提出……的建议”
eg I suggested to him that we (should) leave early for the station.
◎ suggest doing sth 建议做某事
◎ suggest sb doing sth 建议某人做某事 ◎ suggest sth to sb 向某人建议某事
6. ...I’m lucky to be here for my six-month English course. (P49)……我很幸运在这里上6个月的英语课。 six-month是由数词加名词构成的复合形容词,中间用连字符连接起来作定语修饰后面的名词。
a two-month holiday=two months’ holiday =a holiday of two months 两个月的假期
a twenty-floor building =a building of twenty floors 一座二十层的楼 魔力纠错
房间里有两个18岁大的男孩。
误:There are two 18-years-old boys in the room. 正:There are two 18-year-old boys in the room. 魔力解析
注意:连字符后紧跟的名词必须用单数。
7. I prefer quiet, traditional music so the concert suited me just fine. (P49)我更愿意听安静的传统的音乐,因此音乐会更适合我的胃口。
(1)quiet 表示“平静的,宁静的”,是一个常用词。 This is a quiet street. 这是一条宁静的街道。
(2)suit 表示“适合,合适,相称”,后面既可以接宾语,也可以不接宾语。
The dress suits well. 这衣服很合身。
The dress suits me well. 这衣服很合我身。
18
一、短语
Unit 7
1. go on vacation 去度假
2. trek through the jungle 徒步穿越丛林 3. some day 有朝一日
4. one of the liveliest cities 最有活力的城市之一 5. be supposed to do sth. 应该干。 6. pack light clothes 穿薄衣服 7.take a trip 去旅行
8.provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb 为了某人提供某物
9.be away 离开,远离
10.the answer to the question 问题的答案 11.according to 根据。按照。
12.work as tour guides 做导游的工作 13.dream of 梦想,想到
14.less realistic dreams 不现实的梦想 15.be willing to do sth. 愿意干。 16.achieve one’s dreams 实现梦想 17.sail across the pacific 横渡太平洋 18.hold on to 保持,不要放弃(卖掉) 19.take it easy 从容 轻松 不紧张 20.Niagara Falls 尼亚加拉大瀑布 21.Eiffel Tower 艾菲尔铁塔
22.Notre Dame Cathedral 巴黎圣母院 23.this time of year 一年中的这个时候 24.in general 通常 ,大体上, 一般而言 二、重点知识
1. Where would you like to go on vacation, Sam? Sam, 你想到哪儿去度假?
(1)句中的would like表示“想要”, 常用于以下几种句式: would like+名词(或代词), 意为“想要”。
e. g. I’d like a new computer. 我想要一台新计算机。 •would like to do “想做……”。
e. g. She’d like to go there alone. 她想单独去那里。 •would like +名词 (或代词) + to do 表示“希望……做……”。 e. g. I’d like you to meet my friends. 我希望你见见我的朋友们。
I’d like them to stay for dinner with us. 我希望他们留下来和我们共进晚餐。
•would like+名词(或代词)+形容词, 意为“喜欢…… 呈……状”。
e. g. I’d like the windows open at night. 晚上(睡觉)我喜欢开着窗户
(2)go on是不及物动词词组,意为“继续”,其后不能跟名词或代词作宾语。
The teacher asked him to stop talking, but he still went on. 老师叫他别讲,可他还是讲个不停
◎go on后面可以接动词不定式或动词-ing形式,但它们的意义不同。
Let’s go on discussing the question. 咱们继续谈论这个问
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
题吧。 如:place, village, town, city, home等。 Let’s go on to discuss the question. 咱们接着谈论另外一在从句中作地点状。
e. g. That is the place where I grew up. 个问题吧。
那里就是我成长的地方。 短语链语
She has gone home where she will stay for a week. go on with表示“继续”,后面可直接跟名词或代词作宾
她回家了, 她将在家里呆一个星期。 语。
4. I hope to see Niagara Falls some day. Then Miss Gao went back to her desk and went on with the
我希望有一天能去看看尼亚加拉瀑布。 lesson.
(1) hope表示“希望”,“愿望”。 然后高老师回到讲桌后边,继续上课。
◎go on with可与go on doing sth 互换。 hope后面可接动词不定式或宾语从句。hope还可以Go on with your work(=Go on doing your work).继续做你与so,not用于简略回答中。
e. g. My uncle hopes to buy a new house next year. 的工作去吧。
我叔叔希望明年能买一套新房子。 2. I’d like to trek through the jungle, because I like
I hope I can be a teacher like my mother. exciting vacations. 我想去热带丛林中旅行,因为我喜欢
我希望能像母亲一样做一位教师。 充满刺激的假期。
(1) through与across的区别: “Can he come tomorrow? ” “I hope so. ” “across”,意为“横过”, 常指从这边到另一边, 即:“from “他明天能来吗?” “我希望他能来。” this side to the other”. “Will he buy you a present? ” “I hope not. ” e. g. 1. The bus is coming across the bridge. “他会给你买个礼物吗?” “我希望他不要买。 2. They often go to school across the street. (2) some day 意为“(将来)有一天,有朝一日”,这是
英式用法,美式用法写作someday, 二者无区别。如果 3. Can you swim across the river ?
“through”,意为“常指从事物内部穿过”。 表示过去的“有一天”时,使用one day, the other day等。 e. g. 1. The deer is going through the forest. Eg. My dream will come true some day (someday). 2. Jack saw many students playing on the playground 我的梦想将来有一天会实现。” through the window. One day he came to see me with a little boy. (2) because是连词, 连接一个原因状语从句, because所 有一天,他带着一个小男孩来看我。 表原因比较直接。要注意, so表结果, 但在英语中却不 (或用the other day 代替one day).
注:one day 表示过去也可表示将来的某一天。 能把because和so一起用于一个句子中表原因和结果。 e. g. I hope to visit Hawaii one day. e. g. I went to bed early because I was tired. = I
我希望有一天去夏威夷旅游。 was tired so I went to bed early.
The teacher will know about it one day. 我因为疲倦所以提早睡。
(3) because, as, since, for 的区别: 总有一天老师会知道这件事。 <1> because多表示所叙述的理由是本句的重点,故 5. For your next vacation, why not consider visiting because 所引导的从句多放于句末。 Paris? e. g. Why am I leaving? I’m leaving because I want to. 为什么不考虑一下到新加坡去度你的下一个假期? 为什么我要离开?因为我想离开。 (1) why not … = why don’t you… 意思是“你为什么<2> as, since 用于表示理由是已知,而理由以外才是叙不……”用于表示提议、劝诱等,“why not…?”结构中,述的重点,两者皆多用于句首。但要注意: since更重形not后接动词原形。 式,as多表示理由以外才是重点。 e. g. Why not come and see me tomorrow? e. g. Since you have no license, you are not allowed to = Why don’t you come and see me tomorrow? drive. 明天来找我怎么样?
(2) consider是动词,意为“仔细考虑,深思熟虑”,后面 因为没有驾驶执照, 所以你不可以开车。
可接名词、从句、副词,接动词时要用v-ing形式。 As it is raining, let’s stay at home.
e. g. We considered his suggestion. 因为下雨, 我们就留在家里吧。
<3> for不用于句首, 而用于主句之后,补充说明理由; 我们仔细考虑了他的建议。 主句表推测时, 要用for说明理由。 He is considering studying abroad. e. g. I’ll follow his advice, for he is a doctor. 他正在考虑出国留学。 我会听从他的劝告, 因为他是医生 We considered how we should help them. 3. I like places where the weather is always warm. 我们仔细考虑应该如何帮助他们。 我喜欢天气总是温和的地方。 Consider carefully before you decide.
本句是含有关系副词where的定语从句。关系副词 你要慎重考虑后再决定。
(3) 句中的visit是动词, visit还可作名词。 where指地点,只能跟在表示地点的名词后面,
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英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
<1> visit作动词时, 既可作及物动词, 也可作不及物动词, 表 “访问, 拜访, 探望”。
e. g. I’m going to visit my uncle tomorrow. 我打算明天去看望我叔叔。
<2> visit作名词时,意为 “访问,参观,观光”。后接介词to短语时,表示 “在某处的访问(观光)”。 e. g. This is my first visit to Sweden. 这是我第一次到瑞典游览。
6. Paris is the capital of France, and is one of the liveliest cities in Europe. (P54)巴黎是法国的首都,是欧洲最活跃的城市之一。
lively是形容词,意为“活泼的,活跃的,有生气的”,在句中作定语或表语,用来修饰人或物。 She is a lively girl. 她是个活泼的女孩。
The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 运动场上要进行各种球类比赛,呈现出一派生气勃勃的景象。 特别提示
◎alive作形容词,意为“活着的,在世的”,常作表语,但有时也作后置定语或补语。
He must be alive, for he is still breathing slightly. 他一定还活着,因为他还在轻微呼吸。
He is the only person alive in the accident. 他是这次事故中惟一活下来的人。
An enemy officer was caught alive. 一名敌人军官被活捉了。
◎living是形容词,意为“活着的”,常位于名词之前或之后作定语;作表语时与alive意思相同。
We now know there are no living things on the moon. 我们现在知道月球上没有生物。
Is his grandfather still living/alive? 他的祖父还活着吗? ◎live读作/laiv/时,也作形容词,意为“活着的”,常放在名词之前作定语,它一般不用来修饰人;live读/liv/时,是动词,意为“生活,生存”。
The cat was playing with a live mouse. 这只猫在玩弄一只活老鼠。
Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China. 熊猫通常生活在中国的南部和东南部。
7. So unless you speak French yourself, it’s best to
travel with someone who can translate things for you.所以除非你本人说法语,最好和一个能替你翻译法语的人一起来巴黎旅游。
(1) unless 除非……,引导条件状语从句。比“if…not”
略微正式。
(2) it’s best to do sth 最好做某事
(3) translate …into… 把……翻译成……
8. Isn’t it supposed to be very hot? (P54)难道天气不应该是很热的吗?
(1)这是一个否定形式的一般疑问句,用来表示说话人提出自己的建议或看法,并希望得到对方肯定的答复。有时它也表示惊讶、不相信、挖苦、批评等意义,其构成是:Isn’t(Aren’t, Don’t, Won’t, Can’t, Couldn’t, Didn’t,
20
Haven’t, Hasn’t等)+主语?
Isn’t he a League member? 难道他不是团员吗?
Haven’t you known him yet? I saw you having dinner with him just now.你难道还不认识他吗?刚才我还见你和他一起吃饭了呢。
(2)be supposed to 的意思与should近似,意为“被期望或被要求做某事”。
Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or the single one? 我是应该打扫所有房间还是这个单间? You’re supposed to start work at 8∶30 every morning. 你应该每天早晨八点半开始工作。
9. What else can you tell me? 你还能告诉我一些别的吗?
本句中的形容词else修饰what作后置定语。 辨析:else 与 other
else与other都可作形容词, else只用于修饰不定代词,疑问代词和疑问副词,并且必须要位于这些修饰词之后,作后置定语;而other用来修饰名词,其位置与else正好相反,它位于被修饰的名词之前。 e. g. What else can you see in the picture?
在图画中,你还能看到别的什么吗? Where else did you go in the summer vacation? 暑假里你还去了别的什么地方吗? There must be somebody else in the classroom. 教室里肯定还有别的人。
The other students are drawing by the lake. 别的学生都在湖边画画。
I remember I have read the story in some other books. 我记得我在别的书上看过这个故事。
10. I hope you can provide me with some information about the kinds of vacations that your firm can offer. 我希望你能向我提供一些信息,就是有关你们公司所提供的一些度假种类。
(1) I hope 后是一个很大的宾语从句,这个宾语从句中又包括了“ that your firm can offer” 这个定语从句。 (2) 句中的provide是动词, 意为“供给……, 提供……”等, 其常见用法如下:
provide后面接宾语, 宾语可由名词或代词充当
e. g. The school will provide tents, but we must bring our own food. 学校会提供帐篷,但我们必须自己带食物。 provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth. “供给某人……”
e. g. They provided food and clothes for the sufferers. = They provided the sufferers with food and clothes. 他们向受难者提供食物和衣服
(3) 句中的offer是动词, 意思是“提供……”等。其主要用法如下: offer+n.
e. g. They offered a new proposal. 他们提出了新的提案。 offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb. “对(某人) 提供……”。
e. g. He offered his help to me.
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
22.give away 捐赠 23.be similar to 与...相似 24.ask for 索要
ask sb for sth 向某人要某物
25.a call-in center for parents 家长热线 26.hang out 闲荡
27.put up signs asking for singing jobs 张贴寻求唱歌工作的广告
28.run out of money for singing lessons 学唱歌的钱用完了
29.disabled people 残疾人 30.for sure 确实如此,毫无疑问 31.fill…with... 用...填充...
be filled with = be full of 被装满了...
32.help...out 帮助...做事,解决难题(摆脱困境) 33.a specially trained dog 一只经过特殊训练的狗
34.train sb to do sth 训练某人干... 35.fetch my book 去把我的书拿来 36.part of speech 词性 二、重点知识
1.You could give out food at a food bank. (P60)你可以在食品供应站分发食品。
give out在这里是“分发”,“散发”的意思。
Our English teacher gave out the examination papers when the bell rang.
我们的英语老师在铃响的时候分发试卷。 ◎另外一个意思为“用完”,“消耗尽”。
Unit 8 After a week their food supplies gave out. 一周之后,他们
的食物供应用完了。 一、短语
1. clean up 清扫 ◎还有一个意思为“发出”,“送出”。 2.give out 分发,发放 The sun gives out a lot of heat. 太阳能发出热量。 3.cheer up=make…happier 使...高兴,使...振作 2.He looks sad. Let’s cheer him up.(P61)他看上去很伤4.after school study program 课外 心。我们去帮他振作起来吧。 5.come up with=think up 提出,想出 cheer up sb或cheer sb up意为“(使某人)高兴起来,6.put off(doing sth) 推迟(做某事) 振作起来”。如果是代词做宾语,则将代词放在中间。 7.write down 写下,记下 Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 不要发愁啦,这消息不8.put up 张贴 错嘛! 9.hand out 分发,发放 = give out He took her to the ballet to cheer her up. 10.call sb up 给某人打电话 = ring sb up = give sb a 他为了使她高兴起来,便带她去看芭蕾舞。
3.This volunteer work takes each of them several hours call/ring = call/ telephone sb = make a telephone call
a week, so it is a major commitment. (P62)这份义工每with sb
11.ser up=establish 建立 周花了他们每个人好几个小时的时间,所以这是一个重12.be home to sb 是某人的家园 大的贡献。 13.volunteer one’s time to do sth 自愿花时间干... (1)each of them是指“他们中的每一个”。如果做主语,14.put…to use… 把...投入使用 则谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
知识拓展 15.elementary school 小学
16.plan to do sth 计划干...打算干= plan on doing sth each与every的用法 17.coach a football team for kids 训练少年足球队 ◎each指一个整体中的每一个,强调个体;every着重18.start a Chinese History club 开办一个中国史俱乐部 于全体的总和,强调整体。试比较: 19.run out of 用完,耗尽 Each has a different book. (强调各有不同。) 20.take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象 Here every child at the age of six can go to school. (侧重21.fix up 修理 整体,无一例外。)
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他表示愿助我一臂之力。
She offered him a cup of tea. 她给他一杯茶。 offer to do.
e.g. He offered to help us. 他表示愿意帮助我们。 He offered to play soccer with us on Sunday. 他表示星期天愿意和我们一起踢足球
also common... (P58)根据调查得知,不现实的梦想也很普遍……。
本句中的common意为“普通的”,“常见的”,“不足为奇的”,有时常发生,对每个人、每个地方都普遍的意思。
Snow is common in cold countries. 在寒冷的国家,下雪是常见的事情。 特别提示
usual意为“平常的”,“通常的”,指在某一地方、某一时间或某一人身上所常见的,往往指常用的东西或常发生的事情。
We followed the usual method of test.我们采用了通常的测试方法。
19.It is very important to dream, so hold on to your dreams; one day they may just come true.有梦想是非常重要的, 因此要坚持你的梦想; 有一天他们就有可能会变成现实。
hold on 此处为“坚定”的意思。 How long can they hold on? You must hold on to your ideas.
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
◎each可作形容词及代词,而every只能作形容词,但可与-one,-body,-thing等构成复合代词。
◎each用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of连接,如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of连接,如不可以说every of them,而要说every one of them或each of them。
◎every还可以表示“每隔”,后接基数词加名词,如every four weeks, every three months等,此种结构中的every不能用each代替。
She had a rest every fives minutes. 她每隔5分钟就休息一会儿。 魔力纠错
①街道两旁有许多商店。
误:There are many shops on every side of the street. 正:There are many shops on each side of the street. 魔力解析
each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物,但是every却总是指三个或三个以上的人或物,不能指两者。
4.Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. (P62)我不仅对帮助别人感到很满足,而且我还渐渐地花时间做自己喜爱做的事情。
(1)not only ... but also (also可省略)是“不但……而且……”的意思,当置于句首时,not only后面从句的主谓要倒装,但but (also)后面的主谓不用倒装。 Not only has he been to Canada, but (also) he knows some Canadians.
他不仅去过加拿大,而且还认识许多加拿大人。
Not only did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels. 他不仅在学校里教书,而且还写小说。 Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时,谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如: ①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。 ②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有:
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不) Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个) Either Lily or you are a student. Not only …but (also)… There be
5.“Don’t put it off,” says HuiPing. “Become a volunteer today!” (P62) “别犹豫”,慧萍说,“今天就来当一名自愿者吧!”
系动词get, turn , grow和become都可表示“变得,感到”,其区别是:
◎get用于日常用语,后面常跟比较级。
The weather gets colder, and the days get shorter. 天气变冷了,白天变短了。
◎turn指在颜色和性质等方面变得与原来不同。
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His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。 ◎grow着重变化过程。
It’s growing dark. 天渐渐地变黑了。
◎become是指身份、职位的变化,作瞬间动词时,指状态的变化。
He became an artist. 他成为了一名艺术家。
6. Jimmy takes after his mother. (P63)吉米的言行举止像他妈妈。
本句中的take after sb 表示“长相或举止像(某个长辈)”,不能用于被动语态。
To my surprise, Jack doesn’t take after his father at all. 令我惊奇的是,杰克和他爸爸长的一点儿也不像。 Mary really takes after her mother, she has the same eyes, nose, and hair.
玛丽长得真像她妈妈,眼睛、鼻子和头发一个样。 7.Jimmy has run out of money. (P63)吉米把钱花光了。 run out of意为“用完”,其主语通常是人,表示主动含义,后面跟宾语。
He has run out of ink.他用完了墨水。
I’m afraid we’re run out of petrol.我们的汽油怕是已用完了。 特别提示
run out也是“用完”的意思,其主语通常是被使用的事物,如时间、金钱、食物等,但不用于被动语态,同时其后也不能跟宾语。
His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花完了。
Have you nearly finished? Time is running out. 你快做完了吗?时间快到了。
8. I fix up bikes and give them away. (P63)我修理好自行车,然后捐赠出去。
(1)fix up相当于 repair,表示“修理,修补,整理”,其后跟物件名词作宾语。
My watch sometimes gains and sometimes loses. Can you fix it up for me?
我的表有时快,有时慢,你能帮我修修吗?
My mother is too old to live on her own, so we’re fixing up the spare room for her. 我母亲年龄太大了,不能自己生活,所以我们正收拾这个多出的房间让她住。 特别提示
如果fix up的宾语是“人”的话,则构成fix sb up with sth句型,表示“为某人安排某件事,向某人提供某物”。 I’ll fix you up with a place to stay. 我来给你安排住处。 (2)give sth away 意思是“捐赠,赠送”。
The rich man gave away most of his money to charity. 那个富人把他的大部分钱都捐给了慈善事业。 知识拓展
◎give away还可以表示“分发或赠与某物,由于大意而未利用或抓住(时机,机会等)”。
The headmaster gave away the prizes at the school sports day.
校长在学校运动会上颁发了奖品。
◎give away还可以表示“有意或无意地泄露某事情或
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
出卖某人”。
The woman gave away state secrets to the enemy. 那个妇女把泄露给了敌人。
9. He even handed out advertisements at a local supermarket. (P)他甚至在当地的一家超市散发广告。 hand out意为“散发”,其中hand是动词。
The teacher is handing out the maths papers. 老师在发数学试卷。 短语链语
hand in“面交”,“上交”。
The students are handing their papers in.学生们在交试卷。 10. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. (P)他想到的那些办法获得了成功。
(1)这是一个由that引导的定语从句,先行词是前面的strategies。动词短语worked out在这里作主语the strategies的谓语,意为“产生结果,发展为,结果是……”,后面不可接宾语,主语也不用“人”来充当。 I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice.
我很想知道他们的想法在实践中取得了什么结果。 We didn’t plan it like that but it worked out very well. 我们原不是那样计划的,但结果却很好。 知识拓展
work out的其它用法
It was the best solution that he was able to work out at this time.
这是他这时能想出的最好的解决办法了。(想出) I can’t work out the meaning of this poem. 我理解不了这首诗的意思。(理解)
Have you worked out this math problem? 你已经算出这道数学问题了吗?(算出) 短语链语
◎work on意为“从事”。
Professor Green is working on a new book. 格林教授正在写一本新书。
He is working on a maths problem. 他正在算一道数学难题。
◎work on后面无宾语时,表示继续工作。 It’s very late, but they were still working on. 时间很晚了,但他们仍然在继续工作。
(2)fine在这里是副词,可与well替换,意思是“好,顺利”。
The machine works fine. 这台机器运行很好。 Sam is doing fine in his new business. 萨姆在他的新业务中一切进展顺利。
11.Who has filled my life with pleasure. (P66)……使我生活充满快乐的人。
(1)本句中的fill...with...表示一个动作,意为“用……装满……”,其主语通常是人。
He filled the bag with books. 他在书包里装满了书。 Please fill the bottle with milk. 请将瓶子装满牛奶。 知识拓展
be filled with表示一个状态,意为“装满了……”,相当
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于be full of,其主语通常是人或物。
The room was filled with smoke. 房间里浓烟弥漫。 Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了泪水。 (2)pleasure意为“高兴,快乐”,是不可数名词;表示“乐趣,高兴的事”时是可数名词。
Reading gives me great pleasure. 读书给了我很多快乐。 It is one of my greatest pleasures. 它是我最大乐趣之一。 ◎在口语中It’s pleasure. 是回答感谢的客套语。 —Thank you for your help. 感谢你的帮助。 —It’s a pleasure. 不用谢。 特别提示
◎pleased是形容词,意为“自己感到高兴的,欣喜的,满意的”,指以任何方式表现出来或未表现出来的满足与快乐,在句中常用作表语,其主语为人。
The two friends were very pleased to see each other again. 这两个朋友非常高兴再次见面。
I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me.
使我高兴的是经理已经不再生我的气了。
◎pleasant也是形容词,表示“使人感到愉快/满意”,一般用作定语,如主语是物,也可以用作表语。 It’s pleasant weather today. 今天的天气令人愉快。 It’s very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours. 站了几小时后坐下来很舒服。
◎please是动词,表示“(使)高兴,满意,愉快”。 Does the cloth please you? 这布料合你的意吗?
12. Because I can’t use my arms or legs well, normal things like answering the telephone, opening and shutting doors, or carrying things have always been difficult for me. (P66)因为我不能灵活地使用我的手和脚,像接电话、开关门、拿东西这样的事情对于我来说都很难。
(1)本句中的shut意为“关”,在许多情况下可以与close互换,只是后者语气较弱,如close the door关门(也可能指半开半闭),shut the door关门(指把门关紧)。 That shop shuts at eight pm. 那家商店八点钟关门。 He closed his speech with a funny joke. 他用一个有趣的笑话结束了演说。
◎当表示“关闭公路,铁路或交通工具”或作“结束”讲时,只用close。
They have closed the road for thick fog. 由于大雾,那条公路被关闭。 特别提示
turn off用来表示“关闭”有开关的东西,如收音机、电视、煤气、水龙头等。
Please turn off the light when you leave the lab. 在你离开实验室前关掉灯。
Make sure the gas is turned off before you go to bed. 确保上床前把煤气关掉。
(2)本句中的carry意为“搬运,携带”,不表示带到什么地方,而携带的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。 She carried a baby in her arms. 她怀里抱了一个孩子。
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
He was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder.他扛着一个木箱。 特别提示
在后面“Lucky! Fetch my book.”一句中出现的fetch相当于go and bring back,意为“取来,接来”,表示一往一返。
Let’s fetch some water. 咱们去打点水来。
People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood.
为了取木料,人们不得不走许多公里路。
如何理解被动语态?
为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义,可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。 主动语态: 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分
被动语态: 主语+ be +过去分词+ by +宾语 +其他成分
如: Many people speak English.
被动语态 English is spoken by many people. 2. They’re used for seeing in the dark. (P69)它们被用于在黑夜里观看。
be used for表示“被用来做……”,介词for表示目的和用途,后面接名词或动词-ing形式。
Wood can be used for making paper.木材可以被用来造纸。 知识拓展
含有be used的常用短语:
◎be used as表示“被用作……”,介词as意思是“作为”的意思,其后一般接名词,强调使用的工具及手段。 This book can be used as a textbook.这本书可以当作教科书来用。
◎be used by表示“被……使用”,by后接动作的执行者。 This kind of machine is used by farmers for getting in crops.
农民们用这种机器来收割庄稼。
3. The potato chips were invented by mistake. (P71)土豆条的发明纯属歪打正着。
(1) potato chips是一个复合名词,其中第一个名词用作定语修饰后一个名词,这样的例子有很多,又如: alarm clock, telephone number等。 知识拓展
复合名词变复数的规则,你一定要牢记啊! ◎通常只把主体名词变为复数
school boy—school boys(男生) apple tree—apple trees(苹果树)
vegetable sandwich—vegetable sandwiches(蔬菜三明治) girl friend—girl friends(女朋友)
◎如果没有主体名词,在最后一个名词上用复数。 good-for-nothing—good-for-nothings(饭桶、无用的人) three-year-old—three-year-olds(三岁的孩子)
◎由man, woman和另外一个名词构成的复合名词,两个部分都要用复数。
man teacher—men teachers(男教师)
gentleman farmer—gentlemen farmers (乡绅)
(2)by mistake 表示“错误地(因粗心、遗忘等所致)”。 Sorry, I took your bag by mistake. 对不起,我错拿了你的手提包。 短语链语
mistake ... for “错把……当作……”
一、短语
Unit 9
1. be used for doing sth 被用来做…… 2. be invented by 由(某人)发明
3. light bulb 电灯泡 4. microwave oven 微波炉
5. by mistake 错误地 6. in the end 最终;最后
7. salty enough 足够咸 8. by accident 偶然;意外
9. not…until… 直到……才…… 10. according to 根据;按照
11. fall into 落入;陷入 12. in this way 这样
13. flying disk 飞碟 14. knock into 撞上(某人)
15. fall down 倒下;摔倒 16. divide…into… 把……分成……
17. make sb./sth. +形容词 使…怎么样 It made me happy. 它使我高兴
make sb./sth. +动词 让…做… It made me laugh. 它让我发笑
18. in the sixth century 在第6世纪 19. travel around 周游
20. more than === over 超过
since then 自从那以后 常与完成时 态连用 二、重点知识 1. 被动语态
(1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。
(2). 被动语态基本结构:be+及物动词的过去分词 (如果是不用物动词,其过去分词应带有相应的
介词)
(3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词,有人称、数和时态的变化。
一般现在时被动语态为:am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时被动语态为:was/were+ 过去分词 与情态动词连用的被动语态:情态动词+ be + 过去分词
(4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语,放在句末,by 表示“由,被”的意思
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英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
4. George Crum cooked them for a long time until they were crispy. (P71)George Crum将它们做了很长时间,直到它们变脆了。
until常用作介词或连词,用来引导介词短语或从句在句子中作时间状语。
◎在肯定句中,until与延续性、持续性动词连用,表示“直到……为止”。
I worked until late in the afternoon. 我一直干到下午很晚的时候。
◎在否定句中,until常与瞬间动词、短暂性动词连用,表示“直到……才……”,“不到……不……”。
The rain didn’t stop until midnight. 雨直到半夜才停。 I won’t leave until you promise to help me. 你不答应帮助我,我不会离开。
5. And he sprinkled lots of salt on them so they were
他在上面撒很多盐,这样它们就咸了。 salty. (P71) 然后,
(1)sprinkle 是“撒、洒”的意思,常构成sprinkle A on/over
B 或sprinkle B with A表示“撒(某物)于(某物的表面)”。
She sprinkled sand along the icy path. 她往结冰的路上撒了些沙子。
He sprinkled vinegar on his fish and chips. 他往鱼和土豆上洒了些醋。
(2)salt是不可数名词,其形容词是salty。在英语中,很多名词后加-y可以构成形容词,表示“充满/包含……”,其意思与原来词汇的意思相同,只是词性不同,如cloud—cloudy, hair—hairy, rose—rosy, sleep—sleepy等。 6. And in this way, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented. (P72)就这样,世界上最受欢迎的一种饮料产生了。
本句中的in the way意为“就这样”,“以这种方式”。 The song was composed in this way. 这首歌就这样被创作出来了。
In this way, you will find the answer to this question. 用这种方法,你可以找到这个问题的答案。 知识拓展
way主要有以下几种用法:
◎表示“方法”,接不定式,...way to do sth这一结构等于...way of doing sth。
Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent(of preventing) disease.
科学家们正在寻找预防疾病的方法。
There are many ways of traveling(to travel), for example, by air.
旅行有许多方式,例如乘飞机。
◎表示“路途”,“路线”,常构成on one’s/the way
在这一结构中,介词to表示方向,to...“在……的途中”。
后接名词。如果后面接地点副词如here, there, home时则不用to。
I’m on my way home.我正在回家的路上。
She’s on her way to see the film.她正在去看电影的路上。 ◎表示“方向”。
Look this way.看这边。
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Go that way.往那边走。 ◎表示“距离”,“路程”。
Beijing is a long way from here.北京离这里很远。
7. It is believed that on December 21st, 11, the first basketball game in history was played. (P74)人们认为11年12月21日是历史上的第一次篮球比赛的日子。 (1)本句中的It is believed that... 相当于people believe that...是“人们相信/认为”的意思,that引导的是主语从句。
It is believed that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.
=People believe that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.人们都认为到2010年,世界人口将达到七十亿。
(2)believe意为“相信”,“认为”,一般表示相信某人是诚实的或某事是真实的,后面可以接名词、代词、从句或复合结构作宾语。
I just could not believe my eyes. 我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。
Scientists believe that whales can live for twenty to thirty years.
科学家们认为鲸可以活二十到三十年。 ◎believe可以用于被动语态。
They are believed to have discussed this problem.据说,这个他们已经讨论过了。 特别提示
believe与believe in的含义不同。 ◎believe in意为“信奉、信仰”,后面常接表示真理或宗教一类的名词,也可作“信任、信赖”解。
My grandpa believes in Buddhism. 我爷爷信奉佛教。 I can’t believe in his honesty. 我不相信他诚实。
Unit 10
一、短语
1. by the time 到…时候为止 2.get outside 到外边
3.get to school 到学校 4.get up 起床
5.get into the shower 去洗澡 6.get home 到家
7.start doing / to do sth 开始做某事 8.be late for 迟到
9.go off (闹钟)闹响 10.wake up 醒来
11.come out 出来,出现 12.run off 迅速离开,跑掉
13.on time 准时 14.in time 及时
15.come by (走)过来 16.give sb a ride 让某人搭车
17.break down 损坏,坏掉 18.show up = show oneself出席,露面
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
19.stay up 熬夜 20.a costume party 一个化装舞会
21.sth happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上 22.so …that … 如此…以至于
23.set off 出发,开始 24.April Fool's Day 愚人节
25.get married 结婚 26.marry sb 与某人结婚
27.both …and … 二者…都… 28.get dressed 穿好衣服 29.on the first day 在第一天 30. only just 刚刚好、恰好 31. flee from 从…逃跑 避开 二、重点知识
1.Past perfect Tense 过去完成时
构成:had+过去分词(had没有人称和数的变化) 过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。既然过去完成时的动作发生在过去某一时间之前,那么,使用过去完成时就必须先有这样一个过去的时间。
eg.I had finished my homework before supper. 我在晚饭前把作业做完了。
2.when 和by the time引导的时间状语从句
by the time 到……时候为止,指从过去某一点到,从句所示的时间为止,这一时间段。when当……时候,指过去的某一时间点。从句用一般现在时,主句为过去完成时。
2. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. (P76)我到学校时才发现把书包落在家了。
left是leave的过去式,在此处意为“遗忘”,“忘记”,后面常有地点状语。
Li Min left his dictionary in the reading-room yesterday. 昨天李民把词典忘在阅览室里了。 特别提示
forget作“遗忘”解时,后面没有“遗忘”的地点。 I have forgotten the book. 我忘记拿书了。
2.Luckily, my friend Tony and his Dad came by in his Dad's car and they gave me a ride.
幸运的是,我的朋友托尼和他爸爸坐着他爸爸的车经过,他们让我搭了个便车。
(1)come by 意为“经过,走过;获得,获有”。例如: Please let the car come by.请让车过去。
Good jobs are not easy to come by.好工作不容易找到。 与come有关的其他词组:
<1>come out”出来;开花;出版”。例如: The moon has come out.月亮出来了。
It's too cold for the flowers to come out.天太冷了,花不开了。
<2>come about”发生,产生”。例如:
Tell me how the accident came about.告诉我事情是怎么
26
发生的。
<3>come across“(偶然)发现……,遇见……”。例如: I came across his name on the list.我无意中在名单上发现他的名字。
<4>come after”继……之后,接……而来”。例如: Sunday comes after Saturday.星期天在星期六之后。 <5>come back”回来”。例如:
When did he come back? 他什么时候回来的? <6>come to oneself”苏醒,醒过来”。例如: At last, he came to himself.最后他醒了。 <7>come from”来自”。例如:
Julia comes from Australia.朱莉娅来自澳大利亚。 (2)give sb a ride 意为“让某人搭便车”。ride在此为名词“搭车,乘车”的意思。get a ride 意为“搭便车”。例如: Can you give me a ride, Jack? 杰克,能让我搭个便车吗?
I want to get a ride. 我想搭个便车。
3. When I got to school, the final bell was ringing. I only just made it to my class. (P78)我到学校的时候,上课铃正在响。我刚好正点赶到教室上课。
(1) final bell在此处作“上课铃”解,有时也写为second bell,而“预备铃”则表示为first bell。
(2) made it 意为“成功了,做成了”。这里指的是没有迟到,准时到达。例如:
-Have you got the job? -你得到那份工作了吗? -Yes, I made it. -是的,我成功了
You can make it if you hurry. 如果你快一点的话,就会按时赶到的。
4. Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole
以至于成country. (P80)Welles的话是如此具有说服力,
百上千人相信了他的话,全国处于一片恐慌之中。 (1)so...that在这里引导结果状语从句,表示“如此……以至于……”,that后面接从句,常见的句型有: ◎主语+系动词(be, become等)+so+形容词+that从句。 The computer is so useful that each of us wants to buy one. 计算机太有用了,我们每个人都想买一台。 ◎主语+行为动词+so+副词+that从句。
He ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得太快,我们追不上他。
◎so...that后面也可以跟so many/few加复数可数名词或so much/little加不可数名词。
He had so many falls that he could ride a bike at last. 他摔了很多跤,终于学会了骑车。
There’s so much noise in the meeting room that I can’t hear the speaker clearly.
会议室里的噪音太大,我听不清演讲者的发言。 知识拓展
so...that句型转换的四种方法
◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语一致,且that从句是否定式时,常用too...to...转换。
The little girl was so tired that she couldn’t walk farther.
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
=The little girl was too tired to walk farther. 这个小女孩太累了,她不能再走路了。 ◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语不一致,且that从句是否定式时,常用too...for sb to do sth转换。
The work is so difficult that we can’t finish it in time. =The work is too difficult for us to finish it in time. 这份工作太难了,我们不能按时完成。 ◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语一致,且that从句是肯定式时,常用...enough to do sth转换。 He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.
=He is strong enough to lift the heavy box.他强壮得足以举起那个重箱子。
◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语不一致,且that从句是肯定式时,常用...enough for sb to do sth转换。 He spoke so clearly that I could hear him.
=He spoke clearly enough for me to hear him.他说得很清楚,我能听明白。 特别提示
so that连在一起使用,意为“为了,以便”,表示目的,此时主句和从句的主语不一定一致;另外,还可以引导结果状语从句,前面一般用逗号。
Speak louder so that we can hear you. 说大声点儿,以便我们听得见。
She was ill, so that she was unable to go with you. 她病了,不能和你一起去了。
(2)convincing 是由动词convince加后缀-ing构成的形容词,意为“令人信服的、有说服力的”,主语通常由表示物体的词来担任。
His speech was very convincing. 他的演讲非常有说服力。 ◎convince是及物动词,表示“使……信服”,“使……确信”。
You have convinced me that I should go.你已经说服了我,我应该去。 短语链语
convince sb of sth“使某人相信某事” 特别提示
convinced作形容词时,表示“坚定不移的、有坚定信仰的”,在句中用作定语,其主语是人。
Mr Smith is a convinced Christian. 史密斯先生是一个虔诚的徒。
(3)短语动词set off在本句中是“引起、激起”的意思。 A letter from home set off an attack of homesickness. 一封家信激起了一片思乡之情。 特别提示
set off在作“出发、动身”解时,与set out意思相同。 It was raining when we set off/out. 我们出发时,天还下着雨。
5. She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married. (P80)她很激动,因为她真的想结婚。
(1)thrilled是形容词,意为“非常激动的、非常兴奋的”,常用来说明一个人的心情。
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He was thrilled when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时很激动。
She was thrilled and shy when she heard “I love you” from her boy friend.
当她听到她男朋友说“我爱你”的时候,她很激动也很害羞。
(2)get married是固定短语,意为“结婚”,表示动作;而be married表示状态,意为“结婚了”,这两个短语都可以和介词to连用。
She’s married to my brother. 她嫁给了我哥哥。
They’re saving up to get married. 他们储蓄准备结婚。 魔力纠错
他和我的一个朋友结了婚。
误:He was married with a friend of mine. 正:He was married to a friend of mine. 魔力解析
当表示“与……结婚”时,marry用作及物动词,其后接介词to,而不能用with。 特别提示
marry是短暂性动词,当表示“结婚多长时间”时,要用be married。
Lucy married Robert two years ago.
= Lucy has been married to Robert for two years. =It is two years since Lucy married Robert.
=Two years have passed since Lucy married Robert. 露茜和罗伯特结婚两年了。 知识拓展
◎问某人“婚否”时应说Are you married?或Is he married?等;如果“未婚”,可以说I’m single.。
◎问某人“何时结的婚”应说When were you married?或When did you get married?。
一、 短语
Unit11
1. make a telephone call 打电话 2. save money 省钱、存钱
3. take the elevator / escalator to the … floor 乘电梯/自动扶梯到…楼
4. turn left / right = take a left / right 向左/ 右转 5. go past 经过 6. go straight 向前直走 7. next to 旁边、紧接着
8. between … and…在…和…之间
9. take a vacation == go on a vacation 去度假 10. dress up 打扮 11. dress up as 打扮成..
12. lend sb. sth.= lend sth.to sb. 把…借给某人 13. such as 比如
14.I’m sorry to do sth. 对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心 15.in a way 在某种程度说 16.in order to do 为了做… 17.hand in 上交
18.hand in sth to sb 把某物上交给某人
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
二、重点知识
1.宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
①由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 构成 常由下面的一些连接词引导:
②由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略 He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
③由if , whether 引导 表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、
对否等)
I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。 * If 和 whether的区别:
1) Whether 后能跟 or not, if 不行。
I’d like to know whether he will come or not. 2) Whether 后能加 to do, if 不行。 He doesn’t know whether to work or play. 3) 在介词后只能用whether不能用if.
He is trying to find out whether the medicine works ④由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义
Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗?
⑤从句时态要与主句一致 当主句是一般现在时,从句根据情况使用任何时态 He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
I don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什
么时候回来?
当主句是一般过去时,从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)
He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。 I didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么
时候回来?
* 如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理,那么不管主句是什么时态,宾语从句都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us yesterday that the moon travels round the earth once every day.
I was sure that light travels at a speed of 300,000 kilometers per second. ⑥宾语从句的语序:
宾语从句用陈述语序:主句+连接词+主语+谓语。。。 陈述句——基本不变
疑问句——还原为正常语序
1)情态动词、be动词及助动词have放到从句主语之后
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2)助动词do ( does、 did ) 应删去。
Eg. Can Lily carry the basket ?(I know whether/if) →I know whether/if Lily can carry the basket. Where does your mother work? (I wonder ) → I wonder where your mother works.
2. Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?(P86) 请问洗手间在哪里?
本句是问路或问处所的常用语,通常应先说excuse me,以引起对方注意,也表示尊重对方。
Excuse me. Could you tell me where Xianfeng Middle School is?
打扰了。请问先锋中学在哪儿? 知识拓展
问路的表示法
英语中表达问路或处所的句式有不少,下面介绍几种常用的问路的方法。
试译:打扰了。请问去书店怎么走?
Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the bookshop? Excuse me. Could you tell me how I can get to the bookshop?
Excuse me. Could you tell me how to get to the bookshop? Excuse me. Could you tell me where the bookshop is? Excuse me. Which is the way to the bookshop, please? Excuse me. Where’s the bookshop, please?
Excuse me. How can I get to the bookshop, please?
3. There’s always something happening.(P88)总是有事情发生。
本句是there be句型的一个固定结构,即there be+sb/sth+doing sth,意为“有……在做……”。
My friend said there was a truck collecting rubbish outside. 我的朋友说外面有一辆卡车正在收集垃圾。
There is a Mr Wang waiting to see you outside your office. 有一个姓王的人在门外等着要见你。 知识拓展 ◎ there be+sb/sth+to do sth,表示“主语将做某事”。 There will be some Australian students to come to our class.
有几个澳大利亚的学生要到我们班里来。 ◎ there be也可不表示“存在”意义,常以否定句的形式出现时,用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定,其句型是there is+no+doing sth。
There is no saying what may happen. 很难说会发生什么事。
There is no telling when he will return. 说不清他何时回来。
There is no knowing when we shall meet again. 不知何时我们能再相会。
4. Go past the park, and turn left onto Oak Street. (P88)走过公园,然后向左拐到橡树街。
go past the park...是一种指路方式,go past表示“走过”的意思,past是介词,意为“途经”,“经过”。
When she went past the parking, Mary saw a man standing
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
at a new car.
当玛丽走过停车场时,看见一个人站在一辆新车旁。 【友情链接】常见的指路表达式有:
1) Walk along/down this road, and take the first crossing on the right.
沿着这条路向前走,在第一个十字路口向右拐。
2) Go along this street, and turn right.顺着这条路向前走,然后向右拐。
3) Walk on and turn left, and you will see the tall building on the right.继续向前走,然后左拐,在右边你就会看见那栋高楼了。
4) Go along/down this street to the traffic lights, and turn left.沿着这条路向前走,一直到交通灯处,然后向左拐。 5. ...and eat at Uncle Bob’s. (P90)……在鲍伯叔叔的小店吃饭。
当名词表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格所修饰的名词常常省去。
Uncle Bob’s是名词“‘s”所有格的一种特殊用法。在表示店铺,餐馆,某种职业,某人的家等名词的所有格后面的名词,常可以省略。如at the doctor’s=at the doctor’s clinic“在大夫的诊所”; at Mr Green’s=at Mr Green’s home“在格林先生家里”。 特别提示
在表示店铺、场所及姓氏的名词前,要用定冠词the,在表示称呼语的名词前,要加物主代词。
6. They have organized games and the staff dressed up as clowns. (P90)他们组织游戏活动,工作人员打扮成小丑的模样。 ◎dress作为及物动词,指穿衣服的动作,后面不用表示衣服的名词作宾语,但可用指人的名词或代词作宾语,表示给某人穿衣服。
She dressed her children quickly.她很快给孩子们穿上衣服。
◎dress的过去分词dressed与get连用表示“穿上衣服”。 Let’s get dressed and leave at once.咱们穿好衣服马上出发。
◎dress up是“化装”,“穿上盛装”,“打扮”的意思。 They all dressed up as PLA men.他们都打扮成的模样。
She likes to dress up for a party.她喜欢把自己打扮得漂漂亮亮去参加晚会。
7. ...“Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me.”(P92)……“打扰了,我不知道您是否能帮帮我”。 动词wonder在不同的句子结构中表达的意思不同: (1)后接“who, what, why等疑问词引导的宾语从句”,“疑问词+不定式”时,表示“想知道”。
The teacher wondered why she was late.老师想知道她为什么迟到。
He wondered what happened.他想知道发生了什么事情。 I’m just wondering how to do it.我正想知道怎么做那件事。
(2)后接“that引导的宾语从句”,“不定式短语”时,表
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示“感到惊奇,对……感到惊讶”。
I wonder that he was off office.我对他下岗感到惊讶。 I wonder to see her looking so cheerful. 我很惊讶地发现她如此高兴。
(3)后接if或whether引导的宾语从句时,表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。
I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand. 我不知道你是否能帮我一下。
She wondered whether you were free that morning. 她不知道那天上午你是否有空。
一、 短语
Unit12
1. be supposed to do . 应该 2. shake hands 握手
3. shake hands with sb 和某人握手 4. shake one’s head 摇头
5. be relaxed about sth. 对某事随意、不严格 6. make plans to do == plan to do. 打算做某事 7. drop by 访问 看望 拜访 串门 8. on time 按时
9. after all 毕竟 终究
10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
11. around the world == all over the world 全世界 12. pick up 捡起 挑选 13. point at 指着 14. point to 指向
15. go out of one’s way to do 特意,专门做某事 16. get/be used to sth. 习惯于…
get/be used to doing 习惯于… be used to do 被用于做… be used for doing 被用于做…
used to do 过去常常做… 17. make a toast 敬酒
18. can’t stop doing 忍不住做某事 19. make faces 做鬼脸 20. face to face 面对面
21. learn sth by oneself = teach oneself sth自学 二、重点知识
1. You’re supposed to shake hands.(P94)你们应该握手。 be supposed to用来表示根据规定或按照法律人们不得不做的事,或期待将要发生的事,与should相似,后面也是接动词原形。否定形式在be动词后加not,常表示禁止做某事。
We’re supposed to make no noise in class. 在课堂上我们不该发出噪音。
We’re supposed to start work at 8∶00 every morning. 我们应该每天早晨八点开始工作。
2. We’re the land of watches, after all! (P96)毕竟我们是手表的国度。
句中的land意为“国土”,“国家”。它还可以表示 “陆地”,与河流和海洋相对;也可以表示“土地”,可耕种的田地就叫做land。
英语强化学校初三年级内部资料
We traveled by land until we reached the sea.我们沿陆路旅行,直到看见大海。
All the waste land in this area has been opened up.这个地区的荒地全被开垦了。 知识拓展
与“土地”,“地”相关的词语还有earth, soil和ground。 ◎ earth意为“地”,“地球”,“泥土”。它着重指“大地”,区别于“天空”。
The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
◎ soil意为“土地”,“土壤”,尤指生长植物的土地。 The soil is very thin in the forest.森林里土层非常薄。 ◎ ground意为“地”,“地面”,主要指大地表面。不论是泥地,沙地或水泥地,均可用这个词表示;也可以用来指运动场地。
The ground is covered with leaves in the woods.树林里的地面上落满了树叶。
3. You’re not supposed to make noise while eating noodles. (P97)吃面条的时候你不应该弄出响声来。
句中的while eating noodles是while接从句的省略形式,该句完整形式是while you are eating noodles。由while和when引导的时间状语从句,如果主语和主句的主语相同,从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。
While/When (she was)leaving the house, she was heard to make some commonplace remark to her husband.有人听到她在离开房间时同他的丈夫寒暄。
4. I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to things, and don’t find them so
但strange any more. (P98)我发现将这一切全记住很难,
慢慢就对这些东西习惯了,也就不再觉得它们很怪异了。
find it difficult to remember everything中的it是形式宾语,动词不定式短语是真正的宾语,形容词difficult是宾补。
I found it hard to do the work all by myself.我发现独自一人干这活很难。
I think it useful to read English in the morning. 我认为早晨读英语很有用。
常见的形式宾语有:find / think / feel / make + it/them +形容词/ 名词 + to do sth.
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