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精细石油化工进展 第6卷第1O期 4 ADVANCES IN兀NE PETROCHEMICALS 水色影响较大。碱加量小于800 mg/L时,对脱水 确的研究对象。 率的影响随碱加量增加而增强,碱加量达到 (3)含驱油剂的乳状液比较复杂,除含有 800 mg/L时影响最大;但当碱加量大于800(达到 W/O、O/W外,还含W/O/W、O/W/O多重乳状 1 200)mg/L时,随着碱加量增加,对脱水率影响 液,增加了破乳脱水难度。 变小。表面活性剂对脱水率有影响,但对脱出水 (4)根据采出液的特点及破乳机理,设计破乳 色没有影响;其加量小于300 mg/LO ̄,对脱水率有 剂分子结构时,应重点提高破乳剂的聚结、絮凝、 较大的影响;加量大于300 mg/L0 ̄,对脱水率影响 润湿能力,开展对多重乳状液处理的研究。 减小。聚合物对脱水率和脱出水色的影响较大。 (2)3种驱油剂之间存在明显的协同作用,对 参考文献 脱水率和脱出水色的影响很大。综合考虑脱水率 1程杰成,廖广志,杨振宇等.大庆油田三元复合驱矿场试验综 述.大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(2):46~49 和脱出水色,确定了最难破乳的3种驱油剂的组 2王彪.原油破乳剂研究新进展.油田化学,1994,11(3):266—272 合是:碱、表面活性剂、聚合物的加量分别是800, 3王传好.W/O/W型多重乳状液的制备及应用概述.日用化学 200,400 ms/L,为室内评价破乳剂确定了比较准 工业.1991,21(3):23—32 Influence of Oil Displacement Agents on Demulsiifcation/ Dehydration of Produced Liquid during ASP Flooding Zhang Fusheng Zhang Yaqin Xie Huizhuan Zhang Huaibin (Oilifeld Chemistry Department,Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083) Abstract The influence law of the oil displacement agents on demulsiifcation/dehydration of the simulative pro— duced liquid during ASP flooding was studied.Single alkali or surfactant or polymer had a biggish inlfuence and the combinations of alkali,surfactant and polymer had a very big inlfuence on dehydration rate and water color of the simulative produced liquid.There was a synergism among alkali,surfactant and polymer.On the base of the micro. graph of the emulsion containing the oil displacement agents,it Was ascertained that there were multiple emulsions in the produced liquid.According to the demulsiifcation mechanisms and the characteristics of produced the liquid, some few study routes about the demulsiifers for the produced liquid were suggested. Key Words oil displacement agent,alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding,produced liquid,demulsiifcation,dehydra— tion,multiple emulsion 采用超声波工艺制造加氢脱硫催化剂 除了空心球纳米结构的硫化钼结晶外,美国伊利诺斯大学的研究人员也生产出多孔Mo 。这种多 孔MoS2表现出极好的加氢脱硫(HDS)活性。多孔MoS2由称之为超声波喷散热解(USP)过程制备,超声 波喷散热解(USP)采用常见的民用增湿器将前身物溶液喷雾成小的液滴,液滴用载气排放至加热炉中, 溶剂在此被蒸发。当使用含(NH4) Mos4(MoS2前身物)和胶体二氧化硅(作牺牲模板)的溶液时,就可形 成球型SiO2/MoS2复合物。SiO2然后用氢氟酸浸蚀掉,留下MoS2网状结构,其含有大量MoS2边缘结构。 在单程通过的微反应器和0.1 MPa条件下的实验室试验中,发现高度多孔的MoS2网状结构比常规的 MoS2孔多。采用钴作促进剂时,其孔甚至比RuS2催化剂还多,而用RuS2替代作HDS催化剂比MoS2贵。 USP过程易于放大,也可应用于制备其他材料。 钱伯章摘译自Chemical Engineering,2005,112(8):17