高中英语讲义
Ⅰ.重点词汇
1．rescue n．& vt. 营救；救援
(1)come/go_to sb.'s rescue 来/去救助某人 rescue team/workers 救援队/人员
(2)rescue ... from ... 把……从……解救出来 2．damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失 (1)damage one's_health 损害某人的健康 (2)cause/do damage to ... 对……造成损害 3．affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
(1)be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打动；被……深深影响 be affected with_high_fever 发高烧 affect sb. to_tears 把某人感动得流泪 (2)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect/influence_on 对……产生影响
4．shelter n. 避难所；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险) (1)take shelter from ... 躲避……
(2)shelter sb./sth. from 保护……(免受……) 5．ruin n．& vt. 破坏；损坏 (1)be/lie_in ruins 倒塌；破败不堪 fall/come_into ruin 成为废墟；毁灭
(2)ruin one's_future/health 毁掉某人的前程/健康 ruin oneself 自我毁灭
6．shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊 (1)in shock 震惊；吃惊；休克 be a shock to 使……吃惊 (2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked at/by 对……吃惊 be shocked to_do_sth. 因某事而吃惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的(常用来形容物)
7．trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱 (1)be trapped in ... 困在……中，陷入……
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高中英语讲义
trap sb. into_(doing)_sth. 诱使某人(做)某事 (2)lay/set a trap for 为……设下圈套 fall/walk_into a trap 落入圈套 8．bury vt. 埋葬；安葬 bury sth. in 把……埋到……里 bury one's face in_hands 双手掩面 bury oneself_in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于
9．suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
(1)suffer pain/a_defeat/loss/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/损失/艰难/破坏 suffer from 受……折磨；患……病 (2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼 (3)sufferer n. 受难者；患病者
10．survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过 (1)survive from 经过……之后还存在 survive on 依靠……生存下来 (2)survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U]幸存 [C]残存物
11．calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静，使镇静 (1)calm (sb.) down (使某人)平静下来；镇静下来 (2)stay/keep/be calm 保持镇静 (3)calmness n. 镇静；沉着
12．aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vt.& vi. 帮助；援助 (1)with the aid of 在……的帮助下 in aid of 用以援助
come_to_one's aid 帮助某人
What's ... in_aid_of? ……究竟是为什么(发生)；……是做什么用的？ (2)aid sb. in_(doing)_sth. 帮助某人做某事 aid sb. with_sth. 以某事/某物帮助某人 13．on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
on the one hand ... , on the other hand ... 一方面……另一方面…… in hand 在手中
hand in hand 携手；手拉手，密切合作 14．sweep vt.& vi. (swept, swept) 打扫；清扫 sweep away 消灭，彻底消除，完全打消
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高中英语讲义
sweep up 打扫；清扫
sweep aside 漠视，不理会，把……放在一边 sweep out 打扫干净 sweep over 突然袭来
make_a_clean sweep of (在比赛、选举等中)大获全胜；大换班，大改变 15．strike vi.& vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
(1)be struck by/with 被……击中；(引申义)被……打动，迷恋…… It strikes sb. that＝It occurs to sb. that 某人突然想到…… strike ... into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心
strike sb. as (being) sth. 给某人(以……)印象；让某人觉得 (2)be/go_on strike 罢工
16．deliver vt.& vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表 (1)deliver sth._to_sb./sth. 把……递送给…… deliver a_speech 发表演说 deliver a_baby 接生婴儿 (2)delivery n. 投递；送货；分娩 17．effect n. 影响；结果；效果
(1)have_an effect on/upon_sth. 对……有效；对……有影响 come/go_into effect 生效 take effect 生效；奏效 bring/put ... into effect 实施 in effect 实际上
(2)effective adj. 有效的；有影响的 (3)affect vt. 影响 Ⅱ.教材原句
1．It_seemed_as_if the world were_coming_to_an_end！(教材P50) 仿佛世界末日即将来临！
2．Two_thirds_of the people who_lived_there were dead or injured.(教材P50) 三分之二的居民或死或伤。
3．The_number_of people who_were_killed_or_badly_injured in the quake was more than 400,000.(教材P50)
在地震中受重伤或死亡的人数超过40万人。
4．Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig_out 好好努力 梦想终会实现
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高中英语讲义
those who_were_trapped and to bury the dead.(教材P50)
很快，在地震发生后，派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出并掩埋死者。
5．Workers built shelters_for survivors whose_homes had been destroyed.(教材P50)
工人为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
6．The city began to revive_itself and get back up on_its_feet.(教材P50) 城市开始自我重建，依靠自己的力量重新站起来。
7．Indian officials said as_many_as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast.(教材P54)
印度官方说，南部海岸多达1,900人遇难。
8．Thousands_of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is_expected_to grow even_higher_over the next few days.(教材P54)
数以千计的人仍然处于失踪状态，预计在接下来的几天死亡人数甚至将会继续上升。
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1．The boxer ________ always wins world champions is from Canada. 答案：who/that
2．The only reason I was divining for water was because of the ________ (dry). 答案：drought
3．They were ________ (trap) in the burning hotel last night. 答案：trapped
4．With more forests ________ (destroy), huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
答案：destroyed
5．When life lets you down and when it seems that your world is at ________ end, take courage and move on.
答案：an
6．The man was so buried ________ thought that he didn't see the pole on the road. 答案：in
7．Cyclists must wear helmets to protect themselves from ________ (injure)． 答案：injuries
8．More than 70% of the surface ________ (cover) by water. 答案：is covered
9．I know the man ________ house was destroyed in the earthquake.
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高中英语讲义
答案：whose
10．The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely ________ ruin.
答案：in Ⅳ.开放型任务
经过本单元的学习，你是否对一些自然灾害有了一定了解呢。请以小组陈述的形式，选择一种自然灾害向同学们普及该自然灾害的相关知识，比如成因、预防措施、预兆以及在面临灾害时有哪些逃生方法等。
课外拓展阅读——中国优秀传统文化专题练
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 As a story goes, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty became interested in the local drama during his inspection of the Southern China in disguise (伪装). __1__ (celebrate) his 80th birthday in 1790, he ordered opera groups from different __2__ (area) of China to perform for him in Beijing. After __3__ celebration, four famous groups from Anhui Province were asked to stay, for audiences were __4__ (particular) satisfied with their beautiful melodies (旋律), colorful costumes __5__ interesting facial makeups.
Gradually it replaced Kunqu Opera, __6__ had been popular in the palace and among the upper ranks in Beijing. Later, some groups from Hubei Province came to Beijing and often performed together __7__ the Anhui groups. The two types of singing blended on the same stage and gradually gave birth to a new type that __8__ (know) as Peking Opera.
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高中英语讲义
Peking Opera absorbed various elements of its forerunners, such as singing, dancing and acrobatics (杂技), and adapted __9__ (it) in language and style of singing to Beijing audiences. With time going by, it spread all over the country, __10__ (become) the most popular drama in China. Furthermore, Peking Opera has influenced Chinese drama deeply.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了京剧产生的历史渊源。 1．To celebrate 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处应用动词不定式表目的，意为“为了庆祝他80大寿”。
2．areas 考查名词。由different提示可知，此空应用名词复数，表示“不同的地域”。
3．the 考查冠词。此处特指前面提到过的庆生，故用定冠词。 4．particularly 考查词性转换。修饰形容词用副词。 5．and 考查连词。连词and用于连接并列成分。
6．which 考查定语从句的引导词。此处为非性定语从句，先行词为Kunqu Opera，关系代词在从句中作主语，指代Kunqu Opera，只能填which。
7．with 考查介词。together with ... “与……一起”，为常用固定搭配。 8．was known 考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。该定语从句中的先行词a new type，为单数，与know之间为被动关系，故填被动语态。而由语境可知，应用一般过去时，be动词用was，表示“一种新的被称作京剧的戏曲形式逐步诞生”。
9．itself 考查代词。此处是说京剧调整自己的语言和演唱风格以适应北京的观众。主语Peking Opera与adapted的宾语指同一事物，所以用反身代词。
10．becoming 考查非谓语动词。become和其逻辑主语it之间为主动关系，故用动词－ing形式作结果状语。
Performers use body language to represent actions such as opening or closing the door, going up or down a building or a mountain. By such techniques, Peking Opera has
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高中英语讲义
made it possible to turn a small stage into the whole world.
表演者用肢体语言表示动作，如开关门、爬上或走下一幢建筑物或一座山。凭借这种技巧，京剧可以把一个小舞台变成整个世界。
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