附录八 标准电极电势
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1. 在酸性溶液中 电极反应 Ag+e=Ag Ag2++e-=Ag+ AgAc+e=Ag+Ac AgBr+e-=Ag+Br- Ag2BrO3+e-=2Ag+BrO3- Ag2C2O4+2e=2Ag+C2O AgCl+e-=Ag+Cl- Ag2 CO3+2e-=2Ag+COAg2CrO4+2e-=2Ag+CrOAgF+e-=Ag+F- Ag I+e-=Ag+I- Ag2S+2H+2e-=2Ag+H2S AgSCN+e-=Ag+SCN- Ag2SO4+2e=2Ag+SO4Al+3e=Al AlF+3e-=Al+6F- 362-3E/V 0.799 6 1.980 Cd2+ -电极反应 +2e=Cd(Hg) Ce3+ +3e-=Ce Cl2(g)+2e=2Cl HClO+H++e-=1/2Cl2+H2O HClO+H++2e-=Cl-+H2O ClO2+H+e=HClO2 HClO2+2H++2e-=HClO+H2O HClO2+3H++3e-=1/2Cl2+2H2O HClO2+3H++4e-=Cl-+2H2O ClO+2H++e-=ClO2+H2O 3E/V -0.352 1 -2.483 +---0.3 0.071 33 0.546 0.4 7 0.22233 --1.35827 1.611 1.482 1.277 1.5 1.628 1.570 1.152 1.214 1.47 1.451 1.1 -24+-0.47 0.447 0 0.779 -0.152 24 -0.036 6 0.0 51 24ClO+3H++2e-=HClO2+H2O 3ClO+6H++5e-=1/2Cl2+3H2O 3ClO+6H++6e-=Cl-+3H2O 3-2 0.654 -1.662 -2.069 0.234 0.248 0.560 1.692 1.498 1.002 1.401 -0.869 8 -2.912 -1.570 -1.847 0.16 1.593 0.320 0.158 3 1.087 3 1.066 1.331 1.574 1.596 1.482 1.423 -2.868 -0.4030 ClO+2H+2e=ClO3+H2O 4+--3+- ClO+8H++7e-=1/2Cl2+4H2O 41.39 As2O3+6H++6e-=2As+3H2O HAsO2+3H++3e-=As+2H2O H3AsO4+2H++2e-=HAsO2+2H2O Au++e-=Au Au3++3 e-=Au AuCl4-+3e-=Au+4Cl- Au3++2e-=Au+ H3BO3+3H+3e=B+3H2O Ba2++2e-=Ba Ba2++2e-=Ba(Hg) Be2++2e-=Be BiCl-4+3e-=Bi+4Cl- Bi2O4+4H++2e-=2BiO++2H2O BiO+2H+3e=Bi+H2O BiOCl+2H++3e-=Bi+Cl-+H2O Br2(aq)+2e-=2Br- Br2(l)+2e-=2Br- HBrO+H++2e-=Br-+H2O HBrO+H++e-=l/2Br2(aq)+H2O HBrO+H+e=l/2Br2(l)+H2O BrO+6H++5e-=l/2Br2+3H2O 3 ClO+8H++8e-=Cl-+4H2O 41.3 -0.28 1.83 -0.199 -0.913 -0.407 -0.744 1.232 1.350 0.521 0.153 0.341 9 Co2+ +2e-=Co Co3+ +e-=Co2+ (2mol·L-1 H2SO4) CO2+2H++2e-=HCOOH Cr2++2e-=Cr Cr3++e-=Cr2+ Cr+3e=Cr Cr2O27+-3+-+14H++6e-=2Cr3+ +7H2O HCrO4-+7H++3e-=Cr3+ +4H2O Cu++e-=Cu Cu2+ +e-=Cu+ Cu2+ +2e-=Cu CuCl+e=Cu+Cl-- ++-0.124 3.053 2.866 -0.447 -0.037 0.771 4-F2+2H++2e-=2HF F2+2e-=2F- Fe2+ +2e-=Fe Fe3+ +3e-=Fe Fe3++e-=Fe2+ [Fe(CN)6]+e=[Fe(CN)6]2-4+-3-- 0.358 2.20 -0.560 0.00000 -2.23 1.495 FeO+8H++3e-=Fe3++4H2O Ga+3e=Ga 2H++2e-=H2 H2(g)+2e-=2H- HO2+H++e-=H2O2 3+-BrO+6H+6e=Br+3H2O 3+--Ca2++2e-=Ca Cd2++2e-=Cd CdSO4+2e-=Cd+SO42 -0.246
电极反应 H2O2+2H++2e-=2H2O Hg2++2e-=Hg 2Hg2++2e-=HgHg2+22+2E/V 1.776 0.851 电极反应 O2+4H++4e-=2H2O O(g)+2H++2e-=H2O O3+2H++2e-=O2+H2O P(red)+3H++3e-=PH3(g) P(white)+3H+3e=PH3(g) H3PO2+H++e-=P+2H2O H3PO3+2H+2e=H3PO2+H2O H3PO3+3H++3e-=P+3H2O H3PO4+2H++2e-=H3PO3+H2O Pb+2e=Pb PbBr2+2e-=Pb+2Br- PbCl2+2e=Pb+2Cl PbF2+2e-=Pb+2F- PbI2+2e=Pb+2I PbO2+4H++2e-=Pb2++2H2O PbO2+SO+4H+2e=PbSO4+2H2O 2-4E/V 1.229 2.421 2.076 -0.111 -0.063 -0.508 -0.499 -0.454 -0.276 -0.126 2 -0.284 -0.267 5 -0.344 4 -0.365 1.455 1.691 3 -0.358 8 0.951 0.920 0.797 3 -+2e-=2Hg -Hg2Br2+2e=2Hg+2Br Hg2Cl2+2e-=2Hg+2Cl- Hg2I2+2e=2Hg+2I Hg2SO4+2e-=2Hg+SOI2+2e-=2I- I3+2e=3I H5IO6+H++2e-=IO3-+3H2O 2HIO+2H+2e=I2+2H2O HIO+H++2e-=I-+H2O 2IOIO33240.139 23 0.268 08 -0.040 5 +---+-0.612 5 0.535 5 0.536 1.601 1.439 0.987 1.195 1.085 -0.443 -0.338 2 1.159 -2.931 -2.522 -3.040 1 -2.372 -1.185 ---2+-+---+12H+10e=I2+6H2O +6H++6e-=I-+3H2O -++---In+2e=In In3+ +3e-=In Ir 3+ +3++-PbSO4+2e-=Pb+SO 2-4+3e=Ir --Pd+2e=Pd PdCl+2e=Pd+4Cl 2-42+-K+e=K La 3+ --0.591 1.118 -2.98 0.300 0.142 0.5 2.010 -4+3e=La --Pt2++2e=Pt --Li+e=Li Mg2+ +Rb+e=Rb Re+3e=Re S+2H++2e-=H2S(aq) S2O+4H+2e=2H2SO3 26++2e=Mg -3+-Mn2++2e-=Mn Mn3++e=Mn-2+ 1.5415 1.224 0.558 1.679 1.507 -0.200 -+-MnO2+4H++2e-=Mn2++2H2O MnMnMnO4O4O4---S2O+2e-=2SO 282-4+e=MnO 2-4-S2O+2H+2e=2HSO28+- 2.123 -0.056 0.449 0.172 -0.22 -0.510 0.152 0.581 0.212 -2.077 -0.399 0.74 1.151 -1.24 0.857 -0.137 5 0.151 -4.10 -2. -1.793 -0.793 +4H++3e-=MnO2+2H2O +8H+5e=Mn+4H2O +-2H2SO3+H++2e-=H2SO4-+2H20 H2SO3+4H+4e=S+3H2O SO+4H++2e-=H2SO3+H2O 2-42++-MO3++3e-=MO N2+2H2O+6H+6e=2NH4OH 3N2+2H++2e-=2NH3(aq) N2O+2H+2e=N2+H2O N2O4+2e-=2NO2- N2O4+2H++2e-=2HNO2 N2O4+4H++4e-=2NO+2H2O 2NO+2H++2e-=N2O+H2O HNO2+H+e=NO+H2O 2HNO2+4H++4e-=N2O+3H2O NO+3H++2e-=HNO2+H2O 3+0.092 -3.09 1.766 0.867 1.065 1.035 1.591 0.983 1.297 0.934 0.957 0.803 -2.71 -1.1 -0.257 1.678 0.695 2SO24+4H+2e=S2O+-26+2H2O Sb+3H++3e-=2SbH3 Sb2O3+6H+6e=2Sb+3H2O Sb2O5+6H++4e-=2SbO++3H2O SbO++2H++3e-=Sb+H2O Sc3++3e-=Sc Se+2H++2e-=H2Se(aq) H2SeO3+4H+4e=Se+3H2O SeO42-+4H++2e-=H2SeO3+H2O SiF26+-+-+-+-+4e-=Si+6F- NO33+4H++3e-=NO+2H2O +4H++2e-=N2O4+2H2O -(quartz)SiO2+4H++4e-=Si+2H2O Sn2++2e-=Sn Sn+2e=Sn Sr++e-=Sr Sr2++2e-=Sr Sr2++2e-=Sr(Hg) Te+2H++2e-=H2Te 4+-2NO+Na+e=Na Nb3++3e-=Nb Ni2++2e-=Ni NiO2+4H++2e-=Ni2++2H2O O2+2H++2e-=H2O2
2+
电极反应 Te+4e=Te TeO2+4H++4e-=Te+2H2O -TeO4+8H++7e-=Te+4H2O E/V 0.568 0.593 0.472 1.02 -1.9 -1.630 -0.368 0.099 -0.502 -0.336 -1.175 V3+ -电极反应 +e=V 2+E/V -0.255 0.337 0.991 1.00 -0.254 -0.031 -0.119 -0.090 -0.029 -2.37 -0.761 8 4+-VO2++2H++e-=V3++H2O VO+2H++e-=VO2++H2O 2H6TeO6+2H++2e-=TeO2+4 H2O Th+4e=Th Ti+2e=Ti Ti+e=Ti TiO2++2H++e-=Ti3++H2O TiO2+4H+2e=Ti+2H2O Tl++e-=Tl V2+ +2e-=V
1. 在碱性溶液中
电极反应 AgCN+e-=Ag+CN- [Ag(CN)2]+e=Ag+2CN Ag2O+H2O+2e=2Ag+2OH 2AgO+H2O+2e-=Ag2O+2OH- Ag2S+2e-=2Ag+S2- H2AlO3-+H2O+3e-=Al+4OH- AsO+2H2O+3e=As+4OH 2V(OH)+2H++e-=VO2++3H2O 44+-V(OH)+4H+5e=V+4H2O 4+-2+3+-W2O5+2H+2e=2WO2+H2O WO2+4H+4e=W+2H2O WO3+6H++6e-=W+3H2O 2WO3+2H+2e=W2O5+H2O Y3+ +3e-= Y Zn2++2e-=Zn +-+-+--2++-2+E/V -0.017 电极反应 Cu(OH)2+2e-=Cu+2OH- 2Cu(OH)2+2e=Cu2O+2OH+H2O [Fe(CN)6]+e=[Fe(CN)6] 34E/V -0.222 ----0.31 ----0.080 0.358 -0.56 -1.219 -0.827 7 -0.342 0.607 -0.691 -2.33 -0.68 --Fe(OH)3+e-=Fe(OH)2+OH- H2GaO3-+H2O+3e-=Ga+4OH- 2H2O+2e-=H2+2OH- Hg2O+H2O+2e=2Hg+2OH HgO+H2O+2e=Hg+2OH H3IO+2e-=IO3-+3OH- 2-3----0.123 0.097 7 0.7 0.485 0.15 0.26 0.098 -2.90 -2.690 0.595 0.60 -1.56 0.15 0.76 -0.46 -0.18 0.15 0.01 -0.85 -0.72 -AsO43+2H2O+2e=As3-O2+4OH -0.71 -1.24 -1.79 -2.99 --H2BO+5H2O+8e-=BH4-+8OH- H2BO+H2O+3e=B+4OH 3--IO+H2O+2e=I+2OH IO3-+2H2O+4e-=IO-+4OH- IO3+3H2O+6e=I+6OH Ir2O3+3H2O+6e-=2Ir+6OH- La(OH)3+3e-=La+3OH- Mg(OH)2+2e-=Mg+2OH- MnO4-+2H2O+3e-=MnO2+4OH- MnO+2H2O+2e-=MnO2+4OH- 24----Ba(OH)2+2e-=Ba+2OH- Be2O+3H2O+4e=2Be+6OH 23---2.63 -0.46 0.761 0.61 -3.02 -0.809 0.81 0.66 0.76 0.33 0.62 0.36 0.108 -0.73 0.17 -1.2 -----Bi2O3+3H2O+6e-=2Bi+6OH- BrO-+H2O+2e-=Br-+2OH- BrO+3H2O+6e-=Br-+6OH- 3Ca(OH)2+2e-=Ca+2OH- Ca(OH)2+2e-=Ca(Hg)+2OH- ClO-+H2O+2e-=Cl-+2OH- ClO+H2O+2e-=ClO-+2OH- 2Mn(OH)2+2e-=Mn+2OH- Mn(OH)3+e-=Mn(OH)2+OH- 2NO+H2O+2e-=N2O+2OH- NO+H2O+e-=NO+2OH- 2NO2-+2H2O+4e-=2ClO+2H2O+4e-=Cl-+4OH- 2ClO+H2O+2e-=ClO+2OH- 32ClO+3H2O+6e-=Cl-+6OH- 3N22+4OH- ClO+H2O+2e-=ClO+2OH- 432NO+3H2O+4e-=N2O+6OH- NO+H2O+2e-=NO2-+2OH- 3[Co(NH3)6]3++e-=[Co(NH3)6]2+ Co(OH)2+2e-=Co+2OH- Co(OH)3+e-=Co(OH)2+OH- CrO+2H2O+3e=Cr+4OH 22NO+2H2O+2e-=N2O4+4OH- 3Ni(OH)2+2e-=Ni+2OH- NiO2+2H2O+2e=Ni(OH)2+2OH O2+H2O+2e=HO2+OH O2+2H2O+2e=H2O2+2OH O2+2H2O+4e-=4OH- O3+H2O+2e=O2+2OH HO2-+H2O+2e-=3OH- -----------0.490 -0.076 -0.146 0.401 1.24 0.878 CrO+4H2O+3e=Cr(OH)3+5OH 24--0.13 -1.48 1.103 -0.429 -0.360 Cr(OH)3+3e=Cr+3OH Cu2+2CN-+e-=[Cu(CN)2]- [Cu(CN)2]+e=Cu+2CN Cu2O+H2O+2e-=2Cu+2OH- -----
电极反应 P+3H2O+3e-=PH3(g)+3OH- H2PO2-+e-=P+2OH- HPHPPO4O3O332E/V -0.87 -1.82 23电极反应 2SO+3H2O+4e-=S2O+6OH- 23E/V -0.571 -0.93 -0.66 -0.59 -0.366 -SO+H2O+2e-=SO24223+2OH- +2H2O+2e-=H2PO+3OH- 2-1.65 -1.71 -1.05 -0.580 -0.537 0.247 0.07 0.14 SbO+2H2O+3e-=Sb+4OH- SbO+H2O+2e=SbO+2OH 32+2H2O+3e=P+5OH O32---2-+2H2O+2e-=HP-+3OH- -SeO+3H2O+4e-=Se+6OH- 23PbO+H2O+2e=Pb+2OH HPbO2-+H2O+2e-=Pb+3OH- PbO2+H2O+2e=PbO+2OH Pd(OH)2+2e-=Pd+2OH- Pt(OH)2+2e=Pt+2OH ReO4+4H2O+7e=Re+8OH S+2e-=S2- S+H2O+2e-=HS-+OH- 2S+2e-=S2-6SeO+H2O+2e=SeO+2OH 2423-0.05 -1.697 -0.909 -0.93 -2.88 -1.143 -0.57 -2.48 0.02 -1.215 SiO+3H2O+4e-=Si+6OH- 23--HSnO2+H2O+2e=Sn+3OH Sn(OH)23---+2e-=HSnO+3OH-+H2O 2--Sr(OH)+2e=Sr+2OH Te+2e=Te TeO+3H2O+4e-=Te+6OH- 23------0.584 -0.476 27 -0.478 -0.428 36 -2-Th(OH)4+4e-=Th+4OH- Tl2O3+3H2O+3e-=2Tl++6OH- ZnO+2H2O+2e-=Zn+4OH- 2222 O32S4O+2e-=2S22S
O32 240.08 -+2H2O+2e=S2O+4OH --1.12 摘自R.C.Weast.Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,D-151.70th ed.19-1990 。