2021年考研《英语二》考前冲刺试卷及解析

2021年考研《英语二》考前冲刺试卷及解析

2021年考研《英语(二)》模拟试卷 Section I Use of English Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Use of English Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

Among the thousands of business schools now operating around the world you would be hard-pressed to find one that doesn't believe it can teach the skills of entrepreneurship. However, of the people who immediately 1 to mind when one thinks of entrepreneurs——Bill Gates, Richard Branson or Oprah Winfrey, for example—few have done more than 2 a speech at a business school. 3 , a recent study by King's College in London has suggested what many intuitively 4 : that entrepreneurship may actually be in the blood—more to do with genes than classroom experience. All of which 5 the question—does an

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entrepreneur really need a business-school education? Not surprisingly some of the best-known schools in the field have a 6 answer to this: they don't actually profess to create entrepreneurs, 7 they nurture innate ability. Or as Timothy Faley of the entrepreneurial institute at Michigan's Ross School of Business 8 it: “A good idea is not enough. You need to know how to 9 a good idea into a good business.” Schools do this in a number of ways. One is to 10 that faculty are a mix of classic academics and businesspeople with experience of 11 their own successful firms. They can also create “incubators” where students 12 ideas and rub shoulders on a day-to-day basis with the external business world, receiving both advice and hard cash in the form of investment. Arguably such help is now more important than ever. The modern entrepreneur is faced with a more 13 world than when Richard Branson began by selling records out of a phone box. According to Patrice Houdayer, head of one of Europe's best-known entrepreneurship schools, EMIYON in France, new businesses used to move through a 14 series of growth steps—what he terms garage, local, national and international. Now however, 15 the communications revolution, they can leapfrog these stages and go global more or less straightaway—

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encountering a whole new 16 of problems and challenges. In this 17 Professor Houdayer maintains that the increasingly 18 nature of MBA classes can help the nascent entrepreneur in three ways: by plugging them into an international network of contacts and advisors, by preparing them for the pitfalls and opportunities 19 with dealing across different cultures and by 20 them to the different ways that business is conducted around the globe. 1.[A]bring [B]call [C]spring [D]apply 2.[A]report [B]deliver [C]prepare [D]compose 3.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore 4.[A]conclude [B]assume [C]neglect [D]suspect 5.[A]stirs [B]arouses [C]proves [D]invites 6.[A]ready [B]unique [C]positive [D]favorable 7.[A]yet [B]rather [C]nor [D]nevertheless 8.[A]states [B]makes [C]puts [D]interprets 9.[A]shift [B]transfer [C]modify [D]transform 10.[A]ensure [B]assure [C]affirm [D]enlighten

11.[A]carrying on [B]setting up [C]working out [D]turning around

1 2. [A]convey [B]cherish [C]nurture [D]impart

13.[A]complex

[B]complicated

[C]complementary

[D]fantastic

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14.[A]variable [B]obvious [C]imperative [D]distinct 15.[A]thanks to [B]but for [C]for all [D]next to 1 6. [A]bulk [B]host [C]set [D]magnitude

1 7. [A]position [B]context [C]perspective [D]dimension 18.[A]similar [B]differential [C]diverse [D]versatile

1 9. [A]interacted [B]combined [C]confronted

[D]associated

20.[A]entitling [B]exposing [C]leading [D]committing 1234567 2021年考生必读：·2021年考研考前一周必看精华收藏 ·临考必备生活及学习建议·考前准备手册 | 考前注意事项 | 答题时间分配 | 考场规则 | 考试流程·作文：作文预测及热门话题 摘要写作范文 高分范文 作文真题及范文·政治：考点预测 时事政治 形势与热门考点 经典资料 终极预测卷 历年真题·英语：命题特点与规律分析 专项冲刺必备 终极预测卷 历年真题·数学：命题趋势 预测点题 最后冲刺题21套 历年真题·专业课：历年真题 命题规律分析 临考提醒·[2021年国内时政冲刺要点归纳] [考研考前三天公共课备考策略及必读资料]2021年公共课答题技巧和建议 | 免费：考研各科在线预测题100套·2021年考研考前必备十大临场技巧 | 2021年考研初试应考必读实用宝典·考后第一时间发布试题答案 | 2021年1月考研成绩查询短信免费提醒·2021，又是一年考研时，写心愿，送祝福! | 准考证发放、领取及查收通知汇总 Section II Reading Comprehension

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Part A Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1

What's a label worth? A lot, it seems. Michael Hiscox and Nicholas Smyth, two Harvard University researchers, conducted an experiment on two sets of towels in an upmarket New York shop. One lot carried a label with the logo “Fair and Square” and the following message: These towels have been made under fair labour conditions, in a safe and healthy working environment which is free of discrimination, and where management has committed to respecting the rights and dignity of workers. The other set had no such label. Over five months, the researchers observed the impact of making various changes such as switching the label to the other set of towels and raising prices. The results were striking: not only did sales of towels increase when they carried the Fair and Square label, they carried on increasing each time the price was raised. No wonder companies are keen to appeal to ethically (i.e. morally)minded consumers, whether on labour standards or green

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credentials. Timberland, a New Hampshire outdoor-gear company, is introducing detailed \"Green Index” labels on its shoes. Tesco, M&S and Wal-Mart have all launched initiatives that bet on the rise of the ethical consumer.

M&S estimates that about three-quarters of British consumers are interested in the green theme in some way. But even the keenest ethical consumer faces complicated situations, and sometimes the apparently obvious ethical choice turns out to be the wrong one. Surely it must be greener for Britons to buy roses from the Netherlands than ones air-freighted from Kenya? In fact, a study showed that related green house gas to the Dutch roses to be six times as large because they had to be grown in heated greenhouses.

Joel Makower, editor of GreenBiz.com, says that, given a choice, most consumers will choose the greener product—provided it does not cost any more, comes from a trusted maker, requires no special effort to buy or use and is at least as good as the alternative. “That's almost an impossible barrier for any product,” he notes.

So shoppers will still flock to shops selling cheap products of decent quality, ignoring how these are made. They will often buy more if a product is attractively presented,

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never mind that the packaging may be wasteful. And when companies try to do the right thing, consumers will not always go along with them.

The lesson for companies is that selling green is hard work. And it is no good getting too far ahead of the customer. Half a step ahead is about right. Much more, and you won't sell. Any less, and you won't lead.

21.The experiment on the towels indicated that ______. [A]consumers liked to purchase labeled products [B]consumers would buy goods when prices rose [C]consumption was influenced by green labels [D]ethical concern may influence consumption

22.According to the text, consumers’ ethical choice ______. [A]determines the production of commodities [B]forces companies to sell green products only [C]leads companies to modify business activities [D]leads to higher labour and green standards

23.We may infer from the fourth paragraph that ______. [A]green buying may be at higher environment cost [B]green production is actually complicated business [C]Dutch rose growth is greener than Kenya ones [D]British consumers actually oppose green farming

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24.According to Joel Makower, most consumers will ______. [A]buy greener products when given a choice [B]reject greener products for various reasons [C]pay more attention to the price of a product [D]refuse to follow the activities of companies 25.Companies may learn the lesson that ______. [A]it is not worthwhile leading the customers [B]the customers are not easily to be misled [C]green policy is not effective for marketing [D]companies need a balanced green policy Text 2

There are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system and the traditional system.

In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in the marketplace. It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities to them. In a market, transactions may take place via barter or money exchange. In a barter economy, real goods such as automobiles, shorts, and pizzas are traded against each other. Obviously, finding somebody who wants to trade my old

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car in exchange for a sailboat may not always be an easy task. Hence the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably. In the modern market economy, goods and services are bought or sold for money.

An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all transactions. This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced, exchanged, and consumed by each economic unit. Central planning may be one way of administering such an economy. The central plan, drawn up by the government, shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to different households for consumption. This is an example of complete planning of production consumption, and exchange for the whole economy.

In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition: every person's place within the economic system is fixed by parentage, religion and custom. Transactions take place on the basis of tradition, too. People belonging to a certain group or caste may have an obligation to care for other persons, provide them with food and shelter, care for their health, and provide their education. Clearly, in a system where every decision made on the basis of tradition

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alone, progress may be difficult to achieve. A stagnant society may result.

26.What is the main purpose of the passage? [A]To outline contrasting types of economic. [B]To explain the science of economic systems.

[C]To argue for the superiority of one economic system. [D]To compare barter and money-exchange markets. 27.In the second paragraph, the word “real” in “real goods” could best be replaced by which of the following? [A]High quality. [B]Concrete. [C]Utter. [D]Authentic.

28.According to the passage, a barter economy can lead to ______.

[A]rapid speed of transactions [B]misunderstandings [C]inflation

[D]difficulties for the traders

29.According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control in an administered system?

[A]Individual households. [B]Small businesses. [C]Major corporations. [D]The government.

30.Which of the following is not mentioned by the author

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as a criterion for determining a person's place in a traditional society?

[A]Family background. [B]Age. [C]Religious beliefs. [D]Custom. Text 3

If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is considered an individual responsibility. Labour is simply another factor of production to be hired—rented at the lowest possible cost—much as one buys raw materials or equipment.

The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer(CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resources management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm's

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hierarchy.

While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese of German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.

As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany(as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can't effectively staff the processes that have to be operated,

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the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.

31.Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?

[A]They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.

[B]They see the gaining of skills as their employees' own business.

[C]They attach more importance to workers than equipment. [D]They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.

32.What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an American firm?

[A]He is one of the most important executives in the firms. [B]His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced.

[C]He is directly under the chief financial executive. [D]He has no say in making important decisions in the firm. 33.The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to ______.

[A]workers who can operate new equipment [B]technological and managerial staff

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[C]workers who lack basic background skills [D]top executives

34.According to the passage, the decisive factor in maintaining a firm's competitive advantage is ______. [A]the introduction of new technologies [B]the improvement of worker's basic skills

[C]the rational composition of professional and managerial employees

[D]the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees

35.What is the main idea of the passage?

[A]American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human-resource management.

[B]Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human-resource management.

[C]The head of human-resource management must be in the central position in a firm's hierarchy.

[D]The human-resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity. Text 4

The public holiday on the last Monday of August marks, in most British minds, the unofficial end of summer. A vast

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migration takes place, as millions take advantage of the long weekend to visit seaside resorts or fly to Europe in a final sun-seeking cheer. Once the festivities are over, gloom descends: workers face four months of uninterrupted labor until Christmas Eve, their next official day off.

This depression often provokes calls for more public holidays, and this year the clamor has been louder than usual. David Cameron's new Conservatives have been forced to deny rumors that they would recommend three new public holidays. Earlier in the summer, two ministers suggested a worthy sounding “Britain Day”, intended to inspire civil pride. On August 27th the Institute for Public Policy Research, a worthy think-tank, called for a new day off to “celebrate community heroes”.

To the idlers, the case for more time off looks persuasive. By European standards at least, Britain is a nation of workaholics, with only the Austrians labouring as many hours per week. Workers are entitled to 20 working days of leave a year, the European Union's required minimum. Other countries are more generous. France and Denmark give at least 25 days in leave, and many Finns get 30. Britons celebrate a miserably eight national holidays a year; in Europe only the Romanians,

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with five, have fewer. Even significant national events are celebrated grudgingly. ： the British were given two days off to celebrate the queen's Golden Jubilee in 2002, but had to forfeit an existing public holiday to make up for it. National holidays are illogical as well as scarce. The queen's official birthday(a moveable holiday unrelated to her date of birth)is seen as a good excuse for a holiday in most of Britain's former colonies, but not in Her Majesty's homeland. Distribution is also badly distorted: seven of the eight holidays fall between December and May, leaving only August's to break up the rest of the year.

There are plenty of things that a new holiday might celebrate. Patriots suggest that England should honour St George(the patron saint of the place), just as Scotland takes time off for St Andrew. The historically minded argue for a Magna Carta(The charter of liberties)day, whereas the politically

correct

suggest

holidays

celebrating

“communities” and “volunteering”.

Sadly, not everyone is keen on increasing public holidays. The CBI, a business lobbying group, points out that legal leave is already planned to rise to 28 working days by 2021, and says that an extra public holiday would cost up to ￡6 billion($ 12.1

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billion). In the face of such tough objections, concerns about leisure and the quality of life may seem vague and idealistic. 36.What is the passage mainly talking about?

[A]Different attitudes towards public holidays in Britain. [B]The increase of national holidays in Britain. [C]The problem of public holidays in Britain. [D]The call for more public holidays in Britain. 37.The calls for more public holidays in Britain could be the results of ______. [A]the economic depression [B]the 4-month work without a rest [C]the long wait for an official day off [D]recommendation of two ministers

38.What does the word “workaholics” most probably mean(Line 2, Paragraph 3)? [A]Compulsive workers. [B]Idle workers. [C]Lazy workers. [D]Irrational workers.

39.According to the passage, the increase of British working days of leave ______.

[A]is supported by all British people

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[B]is planned by CBI to be carried out by 2021 [C]is challenged by some opponents

[D]is likely to result in economic recession

40.Which of the following conclusions can we draw from the text?

[A]From June to December, there is only one British national holiday.

[B]British national holidays are unsatisfactory for the quantity and the allocation.

[C]The queen’s official birthday is celebrated in England. [D]People suggest new holidays for their own convenience. Part B Directions:

Read the following text and answer questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

Most people may drink only two liters of water a day, but they consume about 3,000 liters a day if the water that goes into their food is taken into account. The rich gulp down far

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more, since they tend to eat more meat, which takes far more water to produce than grains. So as the world's population grows and incomes rise, farmers will need a great deal more water to keep everyone fed: 2,000 more cubic kilometers a year by 2030, according

to

the

International

Water

Management

Institute(IWMI). Yet in many farming regions, water is scarce and likely to get scarcer as global warming worsens. The world is facing not so much a food crisis as a water crisis, argues Colin Chartres, IWMI's director-general.

The solution, Mr Chartres and others contend, is more efficient use of water or, as the sloganeers put it, “more crop per drop”. Some 1.2 billion people live in places that are short of water. Farming accounts for roughly 70% of human water consumption. So when water starts to run out, farming tends to offer the best potential for thrift. But governments rarely charge farmers a market price for water. So they are usually more wasteful than other consumers—even though the value they create from the water is often less than households or industry would be willing to pay for it.

The pressing need is to make water go further. Antoine Frérot, the head of the water division of Veolia Environment, promotes recycling of city wastewater to be used in industry

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or agriculture. This costs less and cuts pollution.

Yet as Mr Frérot himself concedes, there are many even cheaper ways to save water. As much as 70% of water used by farmers never gets to crops, perhaps lost through leaky irrigation channels or by draining into rivers or groundwater. Investment in drip irrigation, or simply repairing the worst leaks, could bring huge savings.

Farmers in poor countries can usually afford such things only if they are growing cash crops, says David Molden of IWMI. Even basic kit such as small rainwater tanks can be lacking. Ethiopia, for example, has only 38 cubic meters of storage capacity per inhabitant, compared to almost 5,000 in Australia. Yet modest water storage can hugely improve yields in rain-fed agriculture, by smoothing over short dry spells. Likewise, pumping water into natural aquifers for seasonal storage tends to be much cheaper than building a big dam, and prevents the great waste of water through evaporation.

Agronomists are beginning to devise tools to help monitor the efficiency of water use. Some have designed algorithms that use satellite data on surface temperatures to calculate the rate at which plants are absorbing and transpiring water. That allows governments and development agencies to concentrate

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their efforts on the most prodigal areas.

Raising yields does not always involve greater water consumption, especially when farms are inefficient. It would take little extra water to double cereal output in many parts of Africa, Mr Molden argues. IWMI reckons that some three-quarters of the extra food the world needs could be provided simply by bringing yields in poor countries closer to those of rich ones. That is more realistic than the absolute alternative: giving up meat and other thirsty products altogether.

[A]cultivating cash crops

41.The world is meeting with challenges more

from[B]leaking irrigation system

42.Farmers waste more water due to[C]expenses and efficiency

43.Farmers in poor countries can pay for irrigation improvement by[D]surface temperature data

44.Building big dams is less effective for their[E]low water price

45.The water use rate of plants is computed with[F]water shortage

[G]food crisis

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Part C Directions:

In this section there is a text in English. Translate the text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points )

The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best interests to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action may be to purchase a product or use a service.

Advertising as a business developed most rapidly in the United States, the country that uses it to the greatest extent. In 1980 advertising expenditure in the U.S. exceeded 55 billion dollars, or approximately 2 percent of the gross national product.

While advertising brings the economics of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer as well. Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far less than one sold through personal sales people. Advertising brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising pays for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two

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thirds of the cost of publishing magazines and newspapers. Section III Writing Part A 47

Write a letter to invite your best friend Jane to take part in your mother's 60-year-old birthday and inform her of your arrangement.

Begin your letter as follows: Dear Jane,

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name, using \"Li Ming\" instead. Do not write the address. (10 points) Part B

48. Directions:

In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following table. In your essay, you should 1)describe the table and,

2)state your opinions drawn from it. You should write at least 150 words.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points) Financial Sources of College Students Financial Sources

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American students Chinese students Parents 50％ 90％

Part-time jobs 35％ 5％ Scholarship 15％ 5％

2021年考研英语(二)模拟试卷答案 Section I Use of English 1.【答案】[C]spring

【解析】上下文含义题。文章开头第一句谈到，“目前世界上数千所在办的商业院校中，人们很难找出一所认为企业家的技能不是学校教出来的(即：几乎所有的学校都在声称自己可以给学生传授成为企业家的技能)”。接下来作者用一个定语从句来引出下一句，“人们想到企业家时，头脑中最先蹦出来的人物有……”。这里需要的正确答案应该是一个表示“跳入、蹦入人们头脑中”的动词，所以正确

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答案是[C]“跳入，跃入”。而[A]项虽然也可以说bring to mind“带到脑中来”，但此处应该是被动语态;同理[B]项call to mind也应该是人做主语;[D]项apply to“申请，应用，适用”，不符合上下文语意内容。几个干扰项虽然在用词搭配上可以说得通，但要么是语态不对，要么是语意不通。 2.【答案】[B]deliver

【解析】词组搭配题。文章中提到：“人们想到企业家时，头脑中最先蹦出来的代表人物有Bill Gates, Richard Branson和Oprah Winfrey，这些人中很少在商学院学习过，只不过曾经在商学院做过演讲而已。”英语中做演讲的词组表达是：deliver a speech。所以本题的正确答案是[B]。而[A]项report“汇报，报道”、[C]项prepare“准备，预备”、[D]项compose“组成，创作，写作”，有的虽然可以和speech 搭配使用，但是都不符合上下文语意内容，所以均为干扰项。

3.【答案】[A]Indeed

【解析】上下文逻辑题。文章上文提到很多著名的企业家只不过在商学院做过演讲，而下文指出：“伦敦国王学院的一项最新研究表明了许多人从直觉上产生的______：即成为企业家的技能可能实际上是血液中带来的(即：是遗传的)”。因此，上下文之间的逻辑关系应该是进一步确认，即正确答案应该选择[A]“的确，确实”。而[B]项Likewise“同样地”、[C]项Therefore“因此，所以”、[D]项Furthermore“此外，而且”都不符合上下文语意内容，构成的逻辑

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关系不合理，所以均为干扰项。 4.【答案】[D]suspect

【解析】动词辨析题。文章指出：“伦敦国王学院的一项最新研究表明了许多人从直觉上产生的______：即成为企业家的技能可能实际上是血液中带来的(即：是遗传的)”。根据所给的四个选项，我们可以判断出来，这个问题的正确答案是[D]“怀疑，猜想”。其他选项[A]项conclude“断定，得出结论”，表达的是一种确定的结论;[B]项assume“假定，设想”表达的是一种假想;[C]项neglect “忽视，忽略”，表达的是固有的因素而没有被考虑到。这几个选项都不符合上下文语意内容，所以均为干扰项。 5.【答案】[D]invites

【解析】动词辨析题。文章指出：“所有这一切______问题：一个企业家真的需要接受商学院的教育吗?”由此可见，这里需要一个表示“引发，带来，提出”这种语义的动词。根据所给的四个选项的具体含义，我们可以判断出本题的正确答案应该是[D]invites“引起”。而[A]项stirs“激起，惹起”、[B]项arouses“唤醒，唤起，鼓励”、[C]项proves“证明，证实”都不符合上下文语意内容。 6.【答案】[A]ready

【解析】形容词辨析题。文章指出：“丝毫不足为奇的是在这个领域的一些著名商学院给出一个此问题的______答案：他们声称他们实际上不是在创造企业家，他们只是培养这些人的内在的天生能力。”[A]项ready的意思是“现成的，有准备的，准备完毕的”，[B]项

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unique的意思是“独特的，独一无二的，唯一的”，[C]项positive的意思是“肯定的，积极的，实际的，绝对的，确实的”，[D]项favorable的意思是“赞成的，有利的，赞许的，良好的，讨人喜欢的，起促进作用的”，根据问题所在的上下文，我们可以判断出本题的正确答案应该选择[A]“现成的”。 7.【答案】[B]rather

【解析】逻辑关系题。上下文指出：“他们声称他们实际上不是在创造企业家，______培养这些人的内在的天生能力。”根据文章内容，我们可以推知这里需要一个与“不是”搭配，构成选择关系的词语，即应该选择[B]，rather“而是”。其他几个选项[A]项yet“然而，但是”，构成转折关系;[C]项nor “也不”，构成并列关系;[D]项nevertheless“然而，不过，仍然”，构成转折关系，并且通常用作插入语。这三个选项都不符合上下文语意内容，构成的逻辑关系不合理，所以均为干扰项。 8.【答案】[C]puts

【解析】动词辨析题，固定搭配题。文章指出：“或者正像密歇根大学罗斯商学院的企业家研究所的Timothy Faley所说的那样”。这里需要一个动词，表达“说，讲”。[A]项states可以表示“陈述，声明，规定”，[B]项makes的意思是“制造，产生，安排”，不能与上下文衔接使用，语意不通顺，[C]项puts的意思是“放，表达，提出”，[D]项interprets的意思是“解释，说明，口译”。这里[A]、[C]、[D]三个选项从上下文语意内容上来看都可以使用，但是这里考

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查的是固定搭配：as sb. puts it，所以本题的正确答案应该是[C]。 9.【答案】[D]transform

【解析】动词辨析题，固定搭配题。文章指出：“只有好点子还不够。你必须知道如何把好点子______成好的企业”。[A]项shift可以表示“替换，转变”，这种改变和变化是可以逆转的;[B]项transfer的意思是“改变，调换，调任”，通常指地点、位置、职位的改变和变化;[C]项modify的意思是“更改，修改”，不能与上下文衔接使用，语意不通顺;[D]项transform的意思是“改变，转化，使……变形”，指明显地改变…外观或形式，或者改变性质、职能或状况。四个选项除[C]项与上下文语意内容不符以外，其他三个选项从语意上都符合原文内容，但是根据上下文及下文中与正确答案搭配使用的介词into，我们可以判断出来，本题的正确答案应该选择[D]transform。

10.【答案】[A]ensure

【解析】动词辨析题。文章指出：“商学院通过几种方式来帮助人们把好点子转化为好企业。一种方法是______学院中的全体教员是由一流的学术界人士和一流的商人组成的。”[A]项ensure可以表示“保证，担保，确保”，通常的用法为：ensure sth. 或者ensure that。[B]项assure的意思是“断然地说，确告，保证，担保”，通常指“向……保证，告知确实如此，以解除怀疑”。[C]项affirm的意思是“断言，确认，肯定”，强调“肯定地或坚定地声明，支持或维护……的正确性;坚持认为”。[D]项enlighten的意思是“启发，启蒙，教导，授

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予……知识，开导”，不能与上下文衔接使用，语意不通顺。四个选项除[D]项与上下文语意内容不符以外，其他三个选项从语意上都符合原文内容，但是根据上下文的内容“保证学院中的全体教员是由一流的学术界人士和一流的商人组成的”，我们可以判断出来，本题的正确答案应该选择[A]。 11.【答案】[B]setting up

【解析】词组搭配题。文章指出：“这些商人在______他们自己成功的公司方面有丰富的经验”。这里需要一个动名词词组，表达“成立，建立，经营”等意思，并且可以和宾语firms搭配。[A]项carrying on可以表示“继续开展，坚持，举止失常”，[B]项setting up的意思是“设立，建立，竖立，架起，升起，装配，创(纪录)，提出，开业”，[C]项working out的意思是“可以解决，设计出，作出，计算出，消耗完，挤(出去)，冲(出去)”，[D]项turning around的意思是“回转，转向”。这里[A]、[C]、[D]三个选项从上下文语意内容上来看都不通顺，所以本题的正确答案应该是[B]。 12.【答案】[C]nurture

【解析】动词辨析题。文章指出：“这些学校还可以创造出‘孵化器’，以使学生们在这里______他们的观点，与外面的工商界以日常的方式来进行密切的交往”。[A]项convey可以表示“搬运，传达，转让”，[B]项cherish的意思是“珍爱，怀抱(希望等)”。[C]项nurture的意思是“养育，培养，给予营养物，教养”，该词的重点语义是：“促进成长或发育”。[D]项impart的意思是“给予(尤指

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抽象事物)，传授，告知，透露”。这里[A]、[B]、[D]三个选项从上下文语意内容上来看都不通顺，文章上下文着重强调在商学院这种孵化器中，学生们的观点可以得到培育，促成观点的发展，而不是说学生可以在此交流、传达、珍爱或者传授观点，所以本题的正确答案应该是[C]，促成观点的发展。 13.【答案】[A]complex

【解析】形容词辨析题。文章指出：“正如可提出证据加以证明的那样，这种帮助比以往更重要了。现代的企业家面对的是一个比Richard Branson在电话亭卖唱片时代更______的世界”。[A]项complex可以表示“复杂的，综合的，合成的”，强调“在结构中牵扯较多的或错综复杂的”，[B]项complicated的意思是“复杂的，难解的”，突出“难于理解或分析的，具有错综复杂的结合或混杂部分的”，[C]项complementary的意思是“补充的，补足的”，[D]项fantastic的意思是“幻想的，奇异的，稀奇古怪的，荒谬的，空想的”。这里A选项符合文章上下文语意内容，所以本题的正确答案应该选[A]“复杂的”。 14.【答案】[D]distinct

【解析】形容词辨析题。文章指出：“按照欧洲最知名的一所商学院——法国的EMLYON商学院的院长Patrice Houdayer的看法，新的企业过去常以一系列______发展步骤发展变化，即他所谓的车间范围、当地范围、全国范围、世界范围的发展过程”。[A]项variable可以表示“可变的，不定的，易变的，[数]变量的”，[B]项obvious

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的意思是“明显的，显而易见的”，[C]项imperative的意思是“命令的，强制的，紧急的，必要的，势在必行的，[语法]祈使的”，[D]项distinct的意思是“清楚的，明显的，截然不同的，独特的”。根据文章上下文，我们可以判断出这里作者所要表达的应该是“以一系列独特的、截然不同的发展步骤发展变化的”。所以，本题的正确答案应该选[D]distinct。 15.【答案】[A]thanks to

【解析】词组搭配题。文章指出：“然而，现在______通信，它们可以跨越式发展过这几个阶段，或多或少地直接步入全球化阶段”。[A]项thanks to可以表示“由于”，[B]项but for的意思是“要不是”，[C]项for all的意思是“尽管”，[D]项next to的意思是“几乎”。根据文章上下文，我们可以判断出这里作者所要表达的应该是“现在由于通信”。所以，本题的正确答案应该选[A]thanks to。 16.【答案】[C]set

【解析】词组搭配题。文章中提到：“遇到整个一系列的新问题和新挑战”。这里需要填入的选项应该是能够和a与of搭配构成，可以表示“一系列”的语义的词语。[A]项bulk可以和the与of搭配构成短语the bulk of表示“大半，大部分，大多数”。[B]项host可以和a与of搭配构成短语a host of表示“许多，一大群”的意思。[C]项set可以和a与of搭配构成短语a set of表示“一组，一套，一系列”的意思。[D]项magnitude不可以和a与of搭配构成

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短语。这里只有[C]选项符合文章上下文语意内容，所以本题的正确答案应该选[C]set。 17.【答案】[B]context

【解析】名词辨析题。文章指出：“在这种______Houdayer教授坚持认为”。[A]项position的意思是“位置，职位，立场，形势，阵地”。[B]项context表示“环境，背景，上下文，文章的前后关系”的意思。[C]项perspective表示“透视画法，透视图，远景，前途，观点，看法，观点，观察”的意思。[D]项dimension的意思是“尺寸，尺度，维(数)，度(数)，元”。这里只有[B]选项符合文章上下文语意内容，所以本题的正确答案应该选[B]“情况，环境”。 18.【答案】[C]diverse

【解析】形容词辨析题。文章指出：“在这种情况下，Houdayer教授坚持认为工商管理课堂的越来越______本性可以通过三种方式来帮助初始阶段的企业家”。[A]项similar的意思是“相似的，类似的”。[B]项differential表示“微分的，差别的，区别的，特异的”的意思。[C]项diverse表示“不同的，变化多的，多种多样的，形形色色的，由不同风格、特性或因素组成的”的意思。[D]项versatile的意思是“通用的，万能的，多才多艺的，多面手的”。由于工商管理课堂多种多样，所以这里只有选项[C]符合文章上下文语意内容，因此，本题的正确答案应该选[C]“变化多的，多种多样的，形形色色的”。

19.【答案】[D]associated

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【解析】形容词辨析题。文章指出：“在这种情况下，Houdayer教授坚持认为工商管理课堂越来越变化多端的本性可以通过三种方式来帮助初始阶段的企业家：通过使他们置身于一个具有国际化学生导师和熟人的网络之中，通过使他们对处理不同文化之间的______的陷阱和机会做好准备”。[A]项interacted与with连用的意思是“相互作用”。[B]项combined与with连用的意思是“与……相结合，与……相组合”的意思。[C]项confronted与with连用的意思是“面临，对抗”的意思。[D]项associated与with 连用的意思是“与……相关的，与……有关系的”。根据文章上下文，这里只有选项[D]符合文章上下文语意内容，因此，本题的正确答案应该选[D]，与跨文化有关的缺陷和机会。 20.【答案】[B]exposing

【解析】动名词辨析题。文章指出：“工商管理课堂越来越变化多端的本性可以通过三种方式来帮助初始阶段的企业家：通过使他们置身于一个具有国际化学生导师和熟人的网络之中，通过使他们对处理与跨文化有关的陷阱和机会做好准备，以及通过使他们______全球范围内企业经营的各种不同方式。”[A]项entitling与to连用的意思是“授权，给……命名，给……权利(或资格)，给……题名，给……称号”。[B]项exposing与to连用的意思是“使暴露，受到，使曝光，面对，接触”。[C]项leading与to连用的意思是“导致，通向”。[D]项committing与to连用的意思是“交付，保管，致力于，使负责，使受约束”。根据文章上下文，这里只有选项[B]符合文章上下

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文语意内容，因此，本题的正确答案应该选[B]，通过使他们接触全球范围内企业经营的各种不同方式。

Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Text 1

一、文章体裁结构分析

这是一篇议论文。文章首先以商场里两组毛巾为实验对象，比较了带有“绿色和公平”生产条件标签的和不带此类标签的毛巾对销售的影响，然后分析了这种消费存在的问题，最后指出消费者可能由于种种原因不会选择前一类产品，公司需要做好平衡。 二、试题解析 21.【答案】[D] 【考点】细节推理

【解析】实验过程在第一、二段，两组毛巾中带有“fair and square”和公平劳动条件信息的那一组销量增长，即使价格上涨，销量也持续上涨。第三段开头句里对ethically minded consumers(有道德感的消费者)暗示了对道德方面的关注会影响消费。干扰比较强的选项为[C]，其内容不全面，原文第一段标签不只是绿色标签，还有公平劳动条件。 22.【答案】[C] 【考点】细节理解

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【解析】正确选项[C]可以从第三段概括得出。首句指出公司热衷于吸引有道德感的消费者，然后又提出具体例子来证明公司们所做的努力。因此[C]“引领公司修改它们的商业活动”最符合原文。[A]“决定商品的生产”说法太绝对。[B]也是绝对的说法，不符合事实。[D]选项也不符合事实。在原文中并没有信息明确说明标准是在提高，按照这些标准生产，并不等于提高了标准。 23.【答案】[A] 【考点】推理

【解析】第四段，最后一个例子指出，从荷兰买来的玫瑰，要比从肯尼亚空运过来的在生长过程中会产生更多的温室气体。因此[A]选项付出更多环境代价是正确的说法。[B]选项利用原文complicated断章取词，搭配出的说法在原文并未涉及。[C]说法与原文完全相反。[D]“英国消费者实际上反对绿色农业”错在这是在否定他们的环保态度，而实际上这些消费者只是因为情况复杂而可能好心办坏事。 24.【答案】[B] 【考点】细节理解

【解析】本题关键信息都在涉及Joel的两段里，第五段指出消费者选择绿色产品有很多条件，而这些条件对任何产品来说几乎是不可能跨越的壁垒。而下一段指出消费者仍然会选择价格便宜质量又好的产品。因此[B]选项最符合原文。 25.【答案】[D] 【考点】细节推理

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【解析】答案信息在最后一段，原文指出公司销售绿色产品最好是在顾客前面半步，走得太远卖不了产品，离得太近就没法领先。因此[D]选项把握平衡是正确的概括。 Text 2

一、文章体裁结构分析

本文是一篇说明文。作者开门见山提出：一个个体经济单位能同另一个个体经济单位发生相互作用的方式有不同种类。三种基本的方式也许可以被描述为市场、行政和传统。接着详细地介绍了在每种下经济个体发挥出的不同的作用。 二、试题解析 26.【答案】[A] 【考点】文章主题

【解析】文中第一段就开门见山地阐明了本文的主题。“一个个体经济单位能同另一个个体经济单位发生相互作用的方式有不同种类。三种基本的方式也许可以被描述为市场、行政和传统”。在文章后三段中作者分别对这三种的经济原则进行了说明。由此我们可以得出本文的主题就是讨论三种不同的经济。[A]选项正确。

27.【答案】[B] 【考点】词语含义

【解析】文中第二段第四句说：“在一个物物交换的经济中，real货物，例如汽车、短裤和比萨饼是彼此之间交换的。”在分析“real”

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一词在这里的含义时，我们可以根据紧跟在其后面的三个词，即汽车、短裤和比萨饼的前面都没有形容词修饰，可断定只有[B]选项“具体的”符合这三个物品的共同属性。当然，如果你认识“barter'”一词为物物交换的意思，你马上就可判断出这里的“real”一词表示具体的，因为物物交换的必然是具体的物品。其他三个答案都与文章的内容发生矛盾。[A]选项“高质量”。它作货物一词的修饰语会使句子发生逻辑矛盾，因为我们不能把汽车、短裤和比萨饼就当作高质量货物的代表;[C]选项“完全的”。修饰货物一词时语意不通;[D]选项“真实的，可信的”。它作为货物一词的修饰语也会使句子发生逻辑矛盾，道理与对[A]选项的解释一样。 28.【答案】[D] 【考点】词语含义

【解析】对“barter”一词可能不认识，在文中它第一次出现在第二段第三句中，“在一个市场中，交易双方也许通过barter或money方式进行交换”。结合下面第四句提到的，在这种经济中的具体货物，如汽车、短裤和比萨饼都是彼此进行交换的。由以上提供的信息我们可以推断出这种交换是与货币交换相并列的物物交换。在文中第二段第五句中举了一个例子说明了这种交换下寻找交易对象的困难性，所以[D]选项符合题意。同时我们从常识也可知，物物交换给参加商品交换的双方都带来困难。 29.【答案】[D] 【考点】分析判断

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【解析】文中第三段集中讨论了行政经济，第三句说：“计划可能是管理这种经济的一种方式。”下面又说：“计划由制定，指明各个不同公司生产每种商品的数量和不同住户的消费分配。”由此我们可以确定[D]选项为正确答案。 30.【答案】[B] 【考点】细节判断

【解析】文中最后一段第一句说：“……每个人在经济中的地位由出身、宗教和习俗所确定。”句中没有提到年龄，因而[B]选项为正确答案。 Text 3

一、文章体裁结构分析

本文是一篇议论文。作者主要介绍了本文主要介绍了公司人员管理战略的重要性。 二、试题解析 31.【答案】[B] 【考点】具体细节

【解析】问题问下面哪个适用于美国公司中人力资源的管理。根据文章第一段中的第三句，人力资源管理被认为是个人的责任，也就是说美国公司不重视员工的技术培训，认为掌握技术应该是员工自己的事情。因此，本题的正确答案是[B]选项，公司认为雇员掌握技术问题是他们自己的事。 32.【答案】[D]

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【考点】细节判断

【解析】问题问在美国公司中人力资源部门的主管的地位怎样。利用查阅式阅读法，根据文章第二段中的第三句、第四句，我们可以了解到在美国的公司里人力资源部门的主管在管理层中是非常没有地位的，在重大决策中是没有发言权的。因此，本题的正确答案是[D]选项，在公司做重大决策时没有发言权。 33.【答案】[B] 【考点】细节分析

【解析】问题问大多数美国公司的培训资金主要投在了哪方面。利用查阅式阅读法，根据文章第三段第二句，他们在培训方面的投资也主要用在了技术和管理人员的身上。因此，本题的正确答案是[B]选项，技术和管理人员。 34.【答案】[B] 【考点】具体细节

【解析】问题问按照文章所说，保持公司竞争优势的决定性因素是什么。在文章第四段的最后部分，作者提出，普通员工技术的好坏直接影响管理层的利益，如果普通工人不能很好地工作，管理层和技术人员的工作也就失去意义了。由此可见，要想保持公司的竞争优势就必须首先提高工人的技术水平。因此，本题的正确答案是[B]选项，工人的基本技能的提高至关重要。 35.【答案】[D] 【考点】主题思想

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【解析】利用浏览式阅读法通读全文，我们发现作者认为如果竞争的优势取决于工人的技术，那么美国的公司就遇到麻烦了。美国公司不正确的人才管理战略，使它们的竞争能力受到了挑战。因此，本题的正确答案是[D]选项，美国公司的人力资源管理策略影响了它的竞争力。 Text 4

一、文章体裁结构分析

这是一篇议论文。文章首段讲述英国人如何度过8月最后一个周一的公共假日，然后引出讨论的中心问题——呼吁增加公共假期。之后文章指出这种要求的合理性在于英国的全国节日和带薪假在欧洲属于非常少的。然后继续指出英国全国节日不合理，数量少，接着提出可以从政治历史等方面来增加节日。最后一段文章提出，并非所有人热心增加公共假期。 二、试题解析 36.【答案】[D] 【考点】全文主旨归纳

【解析】此题考查对全文主旨的概括归纳。从文章结构来看，文章讨论了英国人要求增加公共假期的原因，目前公共假期存在的问题，可以从历史政治等多方面因素来考虑增加假期，最后又提到并非所有人都热衷于增加假期。[D]为正确选项，概括全文主旨为英国对增加公共假期的呼吁，与全文结构吻合。干扰项[A]和[C]都是原文局部信息，不能概括全文。[B]的意思是英国全国假日的增加，这表明

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已经是一个事实，而不是呼吁的内容，因此排除。 37.【答案】[C] 【考点】细节理解

【解析】此题考查原文细节的准确定位和理解。问题对应的原文为第二段首句：这种郁闷常导致人们要求更多的公共假期。但句子里This depression要求到第一段去寻找“这种郁闷”指的是什么。从第一段来看，8月最后一个周一以后，英国人四个月无公共假期，[C]选项与之最吻合。干扰项[A]与原文不符，原文并未提及经济萧条问题，这是利用depression编造出的短语来干扰考生的正常判断。[B]意思是四个月劳动没有休息说法太绝对，原文说“不间断劳动”uninterrupted labor是有条件的，是没有工作日休的假期(即带薪假)，实际人们还有周末，并非没有任何休息时间。[D]因果颠倒，两位推荐的假期并非是呼吁的原因，而是呼吁的结果。 38.【答案】[A] 【考点】猜测语境词义

【解析】此题考查猜测单词在语境里的含义。workaholics为超纲词，这句话意思是：至少按欧洲标准来说，英国是一个______的国家，只有奥地利人每周工作的时间和他们一样多(as many hours per week)。这证明英国人在欧洲每周工作时间是最长的，和奥地利人并列第一，因此四个选项里只有“[A]工作狂”最合适。其余几个偏离这个语境。 39.【答案】[C]

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【考点】细节理解

【解析】此题考查关于英国增加工作日休假的细节辨析，在原文涉及多处细节。[C]选项为正确说法，即这种呼吁遇到了反对者的质疑。这对应的是最后一段，提到2021年本来就有计划要增加一天法定的休假，又指出每增加一个公共假日成本很高。[A]说法太绝对，最后一段首句就否定了这个说法。[B]涉及最后一段第二句，但原文并没有说计划是CBI制订的，常识判断应该是议院或。[D]是对最后一段第二句进行了夸大，原文说增加一天假期成本是60亿英镑，但这并不能推理出增加节日会导致经济衰退。 40.【答案】[B] 【考点】推理判断

【解析】此题考查涉及对原文的细节进行的推理判断。[A]为错误结论，原文第一段指出，从8月最后一个星期一之后一直到圣诞节之前都没有国家节日，但[A]的意思是从6月到12月只有一个假期，这种说法把6月和12月包含在内，很显然把12月的圣诞节漏掉了，因此错误。[B]对应第四段首句，国家节日既不合理数量又少，两者意义一致。[C]与第四段第二句不一致，原文指出英国大多数前殖民地都庆祝英国女王的官方生日，但在女王陛下的祖国却并非如此，因此错误。[D]与文章第二段和倒数第二段的内容不相符，原文指出人们有很多设立新节日的原因，并非只是为了自己方便。 Part B

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一、文章体裁结构分析

本文为说明文。文章开始提出用水危机的现象，分析了造成用水危机的各种原因，如灌溉系统老化漏水，农民由于水价低浪费用水等，最后从不同角度分析了解决方案，如循环利用水，利用经济作物产生的效益来修整灌溉设备等。 二、试题简析 41.【答案】[F]

【简析】题目对应信息在第一段最后一句，“The world is facing not so much a food crisis as a water crisis...”。意思是与其说世界面临的是食物危机不如说是用水危机。“Not so much...as...”比较结构，意思是“与其说……不如说……”。因此干扰项[G]要排除。

42.【答案】[E]

【简析】题目对应信息在第二段第五、六句，“But governments rarely charge farmers a market price for water. So they are usually more wasteful than other consumers…”大意是，“很少按市场价向农民收水费，所以农民通常比其他消费者更浪费水。因此水价低造成了农民浪费水多。”干扰项[B]中leaking irrigation system漏水的灌溉系统只是表象，根本原因是水价低。如果水价高，农民为了省钱也会想办法解决这些水浪费问题的。 43.【答案】[A]

【简析】题目对应信息分别在第四段最后一句和第五段首句，

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“Investment in drip irrigation...could bring huge savings”意思是“投资滴灌或修复最严重的漏水会带来巨大的节水效益”。Farmers in poor countries can usually afford such things only if they are growing cash crops，这句话里的such things就是上一句中相关的新灌溉设备和修理费用。因此应该是种植经济作物来补贴这笔改造费用。 44.【答案】[C]

【简析】题目对应信息在第五段最后一句，“Likewise, pumping water into natural aquifers for seasonal storage tends to be much cheaper than building a big dam, and prevents the great waste of water through evaporation”大意是“将水抽到自然蓄水层比建水坝便宜得多，并能防止大量蒸发造成的浪费”。因此建水坝效果差是因为费用和效率问题。 45.【答案】[D]

【简析】题目对应信息在倒数第二段第二句，“Some have designed algorithms that use satellite data on surface temperatures to calculate the rate at which plants are absorbing and evaporating water”大意是“一些农学家设计了一些算法，利用地表温度卫星数据来计算植物吸收和蒸发水分的速度”。题干中water use rate of plants“植物对水的利用速度”就是概括了原文“the rate...evaporating water”“植物吸收和蒸发水速度”的说法。 Part C

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46.【参考译文】

任何广告的目的都是说服客户，使他们相信按广告商的推荐来采取行动对他们最为有利。这个行动可以是购买某种产品或使用某种服务。

作为一项产业，广告业在美国发展得最快，美国也是将广告业运用到了极致的国家。1980年美国广告业的花费就已经超过了550亿美元，也就是国民生产总值的2%左右。

广告通过批量销售为生产厂家节省开支，同时也使消费者受益。节省下来的开支的一部分让利给了消费者，因此，主要通过广告销售的产品的成本，通常比营销人员直接卖出的产品便宜得多。广告也能将刚刚上市的产品信息直接传达给消费者。最后，广告费还用于支付电视和广播里商业性节目的费用，以及大约2/3的报刊出版费用。 【分句解析】

第一段：①是复合句，为主系表结构：“The objective…is to convince people…”，that引导的从句作convince的宾语，在这个宾语从句中又包含了一个定语从句the advertiser is recommending修饰名词action。objective意为“目的”，convince“使……相信”，in one's best interest意思是“为了……的利益”，take action意为“采取行动”。②主系表结构，表语由两个并列不定式短语构成：to purchase a product和use a service，第二个不定式符号to省略了。

第二段：①the country that uses it to the greatest extent

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是United States的同位语从句。advertising as a business意思是“广告业作为一项产业”，to the greatest extent是一词组，意为“在最大程度上”。②expenditure的意思是“支出，花费”，exceed意为“超过”，gross national product“国民生产总值”。值得注意的是数字55 billion应该理解成550亿，因为1 billion是10亿，很容易翻译错。

第三段：①主从复合句：while引导从句表示“在……的同时”，economics在该句中不能理解成“经济学”，而是“经济实惠”。mass selling“批量销售”。②主从复合句：so that引导一结果状语从句，该状语从句中又含有一个比较从句，框架为“…so that the cost…is usually far less than one…”。one指代product，两个“sold(primarily)through…”是过去分词短语作后置定语，分别修饰product和one。“pass along to…”意为“传给……”。“far less than…”意为“比……少得多”。③复合句。其中that have just come on the market“刚刚上市”是定语从句，修饰products。immediate应该理解成“直接的”而不是“立即的”。immediate news about products“有关产品的直接信息”。④虽然是一简单句，但宾语包含多个并列成分：谓语动词pays for“支付”接两个并列宾语“…pays for the programs…and for about two thirds of the cost…”。on commercial television and radio并列，作programs的定语，“电视广播里的商业性节目”。the cost of publishing magazines and newspapers“出版报刊的费用”。

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Section III Writing Part A 47 Dear Jane,

I am going to have a dinner party at my house on July 14, 2021 to celebrate my mother’s 60 year- -old birthday. The party will start at seven o’clock in the evening. There will be a small musical soiree, at which a band will perform some popular and classical songs at first. At around eight o’clock, we will start our dinner, during which we can talk and laugh together. And then all the friends will take some photos together.

I know you have been busy these days, but I do hope you can make it. My family and I look forward to the pleasure of your company.

Yours affectionately, Li Ming Part B

48. 本题为表格题，比较的是中美大学生三大经济来源的比重。描述部分，针对这三个方面，统一按照比例描述。分析部分，可以分析这种差异的原因，如经济教育方式不同、奖学金机会和数量不同等。最后可以提出建议，如建议中国大学生经济上更、大学设立更多

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奖学金等。 【参考范文】

As is illustrated in the table, the financial sources of the American students differ from those of their Chinese counterparts. 50% of the American students' finance is from their parents, 35% from part-time jobs, and 15% from scholarships. By striking contrast, Chinese students rely heavily on their parents, with only 5% from part-time jobs and another 5% from scholarships.

To my best knowledge, several factors can be identified to account for this difference. In the first place, American children start working part-time as early as their childhood, and it comes natural that they partly finance their college education this way. In contrast, Chinese parents tend to offer financial support for their children all along, and their children may have no financial pressure. In the second, American universities and other organizations offer more and higher scholarships than the Chinese ones.

To my best understanding, Chinese college students are supposed to be more financially independent, by taking part-time jobs, etc. It is also critical that Chinese colleges raise more funds for scholarship that can cover a wider

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proportion of students. Only by these measures, can Chinese college students be better prepared for future work and life, financially and psychologically.(196 words)

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