定语从句专题讲解二
一. 复习
1. 什么是定语从句？ 什么是先行词？什么是关系词？ 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 其中被定语从句修饰的名词，代词称为先行词。
连接定语从句的词叫做关系词，一般分为关系代词和关系副词。 e.g: 1. I like music that I can dance to. 我喜欢能随之翩翩起舞的音乐。 2. I love singers who write their own music. 我喜欢自己写歌的歌手。 3. The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 住在我们隔壁的那个男的是一名。
4. Mr Yao is a good teacher who can make his class lovely and interesting. 姚老师是一位可以使他的课生动有趣的好老师。
二. 关系代词引导的定语从句的重点讲解
1. 关系词在定语从句中三个作用：○1引导定语从句，○2代替先行词，○3在定语
从句中充当成分。
2. 引导定于从句的关系代词有：that, which, who (whom宾格, whose所有格) 3. 知识点讲解：
a. who 指人，充当主语。
e.g: 1. The boys who are playing basketball are from Class 317.
那群正在打篮球的男孩是317班的。 （who代指人the boys, 做主语） 2. She likes musicians who write their own lyrics.
她喜欢自己填词的音乐家。（who指代人musicians, 做主语） 3. The old woman who lives next to us has two lovely dog.
住在我隔壁的老妇人有两条可爱的狗。（who指人the old woman, 做主语） 4. 正在讲话的学生是。。。。。。 5. 。。。。。。是个从不迟到的好学生。
b. whom指人，充当宾语，可以省略。
e.g: 1. Lily is the person (whom) we just talked about.
我们刚刚讨论的是:Lily。 （whom指人the person, 做宾语， 可以省略）
2. The little girl whom I met several days ago is his sister. 那个我几天前见到的小女孩是他的妹妹。 3. Mr Li is the man whom I want to see. 正是我想见的人。
c. whose 指人，也可指物，做定语 e.g: 1. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
他有位朋友的父亲是医生。
2. I live in a house whose roof has broken. 我住的房子的房顶坏了。
3. She likes wearing skirts whose colors are pink. 她喜欢穿粉红色的裙子。
4. Please pass the book whose cover is white to me. 请递给我那本封面是白色的书。
d. which指物，既可做主语，也可做宾语，做宾语时可以省略
e.g: 1. Basketball is a game which is liked by most boys. 篮球是大多数男孩子喜欢的一项运动。 2. The pen which I am using is quite good. 我正在用的笔非常好写。
3. The film which we saw last week wasn’t so good. 我们上个星期看的电影并不很好看。
4. In fact, he didn't understand the question which I asked just now. 事实上，他不理解我刚刚问的问题。
e. that既可指人也可指物，既可做主语，也可作宾语，作宾语可以省略。相当于who或whom, 指物时相当于which
e.g: 1. Don’t forget the book that /which I told you to bring.
指人 不要忘了我要你带的书。
2. I prefer not to eat too mch food that/which is fried. 我不太喜欢吃油炸的食品。 3. I like music that/which isn't too loud. 我喜欢不太吵的音乐。
4. Who is the girl that talked to you yeaterday? 昨天和你聊天的那个女孩是谁？
5. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。 6. She is the cutest girl that I have known. 她是我所认识的最可爱的女孩。
三。定语从句重难点：定语从句中关系代词只能用that的情况
○1. 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing, few, all, none, little等词时，只能用that 修饰
e.g: 1. Have you taken down everything that I have said?
我刚刚所说的你都记下了吗？ 2. I did nothing that might hurt you. 伤害你的事我一点也没做。 3. There is little that I can do for you. 我不能为你做什么事。
○2. 当先行词有the only, the last, the same, the very等词修饰时 e.g: 1. The only thing that you can do is to study hard. 你唯一能做的就是好好学习。 2. He did the same thing that I did yesterday. 他做了我昨天做的相同的事情。 3. This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我想买的那本字典。
○3. 当先行词被形容词最高级所修饰时
e.g: 1. Titanic is one of the sadest movices that I have ever seen.
泰坦尼克是我看过的最悲的电影之一。 2. She is the best singer that comes from America. 她是来自美国最好的歌手。
○4. 当先行词被序数词所修饰时
e.g: 1. The first place that we visited was the musuem.
我们参观的第一个地方是博物馆。 2. He is the first one that came to the class. 他是第一个进入教室的学生。
○5. 当先行词既有人也有物时，
e.g: 1. Can you remember Newton and his theory that we have learned? 你能记住我们所学的牛顿及其理论吗？
2. Look at the girl and the dog that are crossing the street.
快看正在过马路的那个女孩和那条狗。
3. She took some photos of the things and people that she interested in. 她把她感兴趣的人和事给拍下来了。
○6. 当主句是用who, which 等疑问代词提问时， e.g: 1. Who is the man that is standing at the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ 2. Which is the book that you lost? 你丢的是哪本书？
3. Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
哪件T恤我穿最合身？ 四。易错题
1. 关系代词取代宾语，原来的宾语还保留
○1Who is the man your English teacher talked with him? ( F) Who is the man your English teacher talked with? (T) ○2This is the right book that you are looking for the book. ( F) This is the right book that you are looking for it. ( F) This is the right book that you are looking for. ( T) 2. 定语从句的主谓与先行词不一致
○1Nancy is one of my friends who knows Chinese. ( F) Nancy is one of my friends who know Chinese. ( T) ○2Those who has finished their homework may go home. ( F) Those who have finished their homework may go home. ( T)
五。典型例题讲解
例题1. Mr. Smith ________ is smoking is looking for what he lost yesterday. A.whom B.who C.that D.which
例题2. One of the most delicious drinks ________ I like is orange juice. A.which B.that C.whose D.whom
例题3. We all like the story about the teacher ________ happened in our school last week.
A. which B.who C.whom D.what
例题4. The designers helped us build the library are from the UK. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 例题5. There are lots of things I need to prepare before the trip. A. who B. that C. whom D. whose 例题6. People often like clothes can make then look young. A. what B. that C. who D. in which
例题7. The little boy was wrapping the present would be sent to his teacher. A. who B. that C. what D. / 例题8. ---There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister? ----The one hat is yellow.
A. who B. whose C. that D. which 例题9. Those girls singing from Class One.
A. who, is, comes B.whom, are, come C. who, are, comes D. who, are, come 例题10. He was the only person in this country was invited. A. who B. that C. where D. whom
