现代测绘技术是高速铁路建设的必要保证(英文稿)

Modern surveying and mapping technology is the essential guarantee for the construction of high speed railway

The fourth railway design and survey institute of chinese railway Wuhan China HePing Avenue No.745 Feng Guang Dong

Keyword : high speed railway surveying and mapping Ride comfort Ballastless cp0 cp1 cp2 cp3 control network

In china ,nearly thirty years of railway construction is closely related to the development of modern surveying and mapping technology, no surveying and mapping technology modernization can be said High-speed Railway construc﹣tion speed today will at least slow for many years,construction standards wouldnot be so high, so it can be no exaggeration to speak of modern surveying and Mapping Technology is one of the key technique High-speed Railway built not, isnecessary to ensure.

The following discusses from four aspects

1、High speed railway construction application of what modern surveying and Mapping Technology

The early china railway ministry 4 comprehensive design institute and a

professional design institute,located in china of Lanzhou (later moved to Xian)﹑Tianjin﹑Wuhan﹑Chengdu and Beijing,for the railway route 1 - 4 design insti﹣tutes are equipped with scale in the engineering survey team of 500 people upand down and 50-80 people scale aerial photogrammetry team. Aerial remote office Railway Professional Design Institute of Beijing is specially equipped with more than 100 people scale .The talent is mainly derived from the South﹣west JiaoTong University of Chengdu, Wuhan Institute of Surveying and Map﹣ping (later Wuhan University) and Tongji University of shanghai.

Facing the demands of railway construction, since the mid 90's in last century, the design uses a lot of modern surveying and mapping techniques and

tools, railway lines and construction measurement as experimental sites at homeand abroad advanced surveying instruments used, specific performance:

(1) aerial photogrammetry field survey in order to meet the need of high precision, the construction cycle short, invest a lot of money to buy aerial photogrammetry and Remote sensing instruments. instrument from the early A10, AG1, AMH analog to the later BC2, BC3, C120, JX-3 analytical plotter development to today's families are holding HELVA and JX-4 of different series of domestic and foreign brands of digital photogrammmtry mapping instrument and ADS ﹣50/60 digital aerial apparatus, ALS60/80 airborne laser scanner and so on; and is equipped with a large number of representatives of the world's advanced level of Surveying and map﹣ping software. For aerial use these devices aerial photo and satellite photo in different scale mapping.

Over the past 10 years these aerial remote equipment to carry

out a large area aerial for line selection based on use, such as:

the Qinghai to Tibet railway, Beijing to Guangzhou High speed Rail

﹣way, Beijing to Shanghai High speed Railway , Harbin to Dalian High speed Railway, Shanghai to Nanjing to Hangzhou High speed Railway ,Shijiazhuang to Taiyuan High speed Railway, Shenzhen to Guangzhou to Zhuhai High-speed Railway, Ningbo to Wenzhou to Fu﹣zhou High speed Railway, Shanghai to Kunming High speed Railway , Shanghai to Chongqing High-speed Railway etc.. It can be said that no modern Survey tech﹣nology in such a short span of ten years, it isimpossble to fini﹣sh so selection line surveying and mapping work.

(2) The engineering survey field and aerial field favorably, the

last century 80's began to introduce the geodimeter more advanced,such as DI seriesof the Wild and DM series of the Kern and T2, T3 Theodolite carrying out the surveying and locatting line sur﹣vey . in order to reduce the difficulty of mountain railway leveling,start application of triangular Altitude method insteadof railway five grade leveling measurement;in the 90's with atotal station about 8 years time the use of the total station in﹣strument and to improve the accuracy and work efficiency; the 90 stage began to application research development of GPS plane control network measurement and the GPS RTK setting out measure﹣ment try . After 2000, the widespread use of GPS+RTK technologyand electronic level of the Railway line measurement and Horizon﹣tal and vertical section measurement, CORSE technology in the survey and replace the traverse measurement robot station highprecision intelligent Of large number is used for plane and ele

﹣vation measurement precision traverse survey an﹣d special con﹣ditions. For example: in the Wuhan Guangzhou High-speed Railwayalignment during the Wuhan University Institute of Surveying and mapping and construction of two level to solve the problem of cross Nan﹣ling Mountain is by measuring the robot for trigonomet﹣ric leveling instead of the railway two leveling,And the remark﹣able success has solved the problem of cross mountain elevationmeasurement.

For the design of Railway Design Institute, the purchase of mea

﹣suring instruments on the ground a lot of construction, only at the fourth ＇s design institute , GPS for more than 200 units , measuring robot with nearly 50 units, electronic level 100 units ,

other design institute will be roughly the same,the second Design Institue for mountain work needs is more. From this we can see that the modern surveying and mapping technology and equipment is

the essential guarantee High-speed Railway construction.

2、On the High speed railway precision engineering

measurement and control network

Precise engineering survey of high-speed railway is relative to the traditional measurement of railway engineering is concerned, in order to ensurethe rapid railway running smoothness and passenger Ride comfort﹐ measurement accuracy have been significant changes compared with the ordinary railway. This process of change and the understanding of the experienced 10 years of time. Start of Beijing Shanghai high speed railway measured in the 1998 by the Interim Provisions on construction of Beijing Shanghai High-speed Railway measurement (the essence the provisions of China standard is the fourth ＇s grade plane/ elevation control measurement), two ,three , four railway design institutes in this standard has the Suining Chongqing line Ballastless test section (12 km), the Beijing Tianjin High-speed Railway , the Beijing Shanghai and Wuhan Guangzhou railway passenger dedicated line control survey. Whether this measure can ensure the smooth construction High-speed Rail? In the experi﹣ment section the Suining Chongqing line without what especially the Beijing﹣ Tianjin inter city railway encountered some problems and the resulting in doubt.

In 2006, the Beijing Tianjin inter city railway to ensure the smooth the third railway design institute were two leveling project and September, according to the Ministry of Railways of china in Wuhan meeting requirements, refer to the German expert advice, by the construction of the second and fourthrailway institutes in the Wuhan-Guangzhou high speed railway 1000 kilometers to organize the implementation of GPS two and three grade plane control net﹣

work and two grade leveling and used to guide the design documents and the adjustment of the later laying.

This period is not High-speed Railway measurement standard, its experience is of important guiding significance later High-speed Railway specifications. By 2008 we High-speed Railway temporary rule out, by the Railway Design Insti﹣tute Professor Lu Jiankang the second, Wang Changjin third, Professor of Rail﹣way Design Institute of railway Feng Guangdong the fourth design institute and Proessor Guo Lianghao and Professor Cen Minyi, Southwest Jiaotong Univer﹣sity professor Liu Chenglong in the whole measurement experts , the systematicstudy of the German railway standard Wuhan-guangzhou railway the precision measurement network construction experience put forward by the CP0/CP1/CP2/CP3 plane control , two leveling / three leveling / precise leveling High-speed Railway measurement control system. Today's High speed Railway construction is the basis and standard of measurement.

Because of Railway Engineering High-speed Railway measurement accuracy com﹣ pared with the traditional measurement has many different. We used to put the technology system which is called high speed railway precise engineering sur﹣vey.

As everyone knows, the running speed Chinese high-speed railway at present according to 200km/h and 300km/h two standard operation, in order to achieve high speed driving conditions, passenger train safety and comfort, railway musthave the ride comfort is very high and precise geometric linear parameter,thus laying accuracy regardless of level or height in a certain length to in the millimeter level precision, so the precision measuring network established rolebecomes very important. This railway measurement academics have argued but the overall trend is consistent. The debate has two: one is to really can reach millimeter level of doubt, the two is whether it is necessary to debate. The German expert opinion is not a high-precision control network High-speed Rail﹣way can not be built , but in my opinion anyway, put debate by high standards do more reliable. It is this idea of the first high speed railway based on (Wu﹣han to Guangzhou) precision measuring network construction has made amazing achievements,construction of high precision and later by the CP3 force calibra﹣tion method from the fundamental guarantee for the laying of the ride com﹣ fort.

Specifications for High-speed Railway Measurement for 200km/h than the speed Ballastless and ballasted railway track smoothness were made standard high precision. The track after the completion of construction basic no longerhave the possibility of adjustment,the settlement caused by construction error,line operation and line based track deformation can only rely on the fastener for micro adjustment. The gauge adjustment fastener is ± 10mm, height adjust﹣ment in the amount of -4mm ～+26mm, therefore is used to adjust the volume of construction error is very small, which requires the construction precision is

ballasted track more stringent requirements, these are directly influenced by the degree of the control precision.

In order to realize the high speed railway track good ride comfort,in add﹣ition to the special requirements of line engineering and railway engineeringdesign and construction and so on, so it is necessary to establish a set of suitable precision engineering measurement system. Germany France early built hight speed railway have established a meet the construction, operation and maintenance of precision measurement control network needs.

3.The Chinese High-speed Railway Measurement and

control network

Plane and elevation control network engineering survey of high-speed rail

﹣way in accordance with the measured phase measurement the goal and the func﹣tion is divided into different surveying control network﹑control network con﹣struction﹑operation control network. Referred to as the \"three networks\". Surveying control network of three networks is the most important, is the standard network construction control network and operation of control network, to ensure uniform across the plane and elevation of each stage.

Survey control network according to the specification, you may have heard about, referred to as: CP0/CP1/CP2/CP3.

CP0: general planning layout along the line 30KM-50KM one point, CP0 distance error on the basis of railway speed according to the different GPS A /B two plane measurement precision design,point generally introducing two grade level. The early Beijing to Shanghai high-speed rail at 100 kilometers, layout,Wuhan to Guangzhou high speed railway no layout,Shijiazhuang to Wuhan passengerdedicated line according to the standard set.

CPO general election buried in the foundation stability region, in the soft soil foundation with deep buried steel pipe pile, the depth between 10 M - 30 M.

In recent years, due to the country to speed up the GPS B, C network

construction, so the GPS B grade in mutually consistent also known as CP0. CP1: generally along the line 4 KM laying one or a pair of, called the base control points, point generally introducing two ﹣three grade level. Distance accuracy according to the target value of speed varies, see the spec﹣ification. In large bridges and tunnels, the tunnel portal at both ends and additional CP1.

CP2: 600M-800M layout along the line a, called the line of control point, point generally introducing three grade leveling height. Distance accur﹣acy of target speed value varies, see the specification. In the construction

stage CP2 plane and elevation to into the tunnel and bridge deck, into the tunn﹣el work carried out by the design unit, measuring and drawing bridge work is generally in the CP3 survey by the construction unit responsible for CP3 to com﹣pletion.

CP3: generally along the line of 60 M layout,called pile control point

layout, mandatory for the Chinese, Professor Feng Guangdong patent products, throughout the China all high-speed rail lines, and significantly better than the other methods. Point is introduced to the precise elevation, the measuring method is currently used in forward intersection method, precision request I donot say, the railway data of four design institute and the Southwest Jiao Ton University have developed related software.

Construction control network, operation and maintenance control network isdeveloped in the survey online, and the coordinates and elevation system guaran﹣tee the uniform, in ballastless track survey and design, construction, rail line construction and operation and maintenance stages due to adopt coordinate positioning control, it is necessary to ensure three net coordinate and eleva﹣tion of unity, to make ballastless track survey and design, construction,railline construction and operation maintenance work carried out smoothly. Namely: control network construction, operation and maintenance control network plane measurement should be based on the plane control network CP1 plane control ben﹣chmark,height measurement should be based on two benchmarks for elevation con﹣trol measurement datum.

The following example illustrates importance of \"three networks\"

In Wuhan Guangzhou high speed railway construction, because the original surveying control network accuracy and Length Projection deformation value can not meet the ballastless track construction measurement requirements in construction, built up during the CP1﹑CP2 plane control network and two level grade network. The combined use of the way of using new and old network, name﹣ly to meet the old control network accuracy still use its construction; CP1, CP2 plane construction control network and construction of the tangent measure﹣ment does not meet the old control network a ccuracy requirements, design change respectively each curve of the construction, the line after the comple﹣tion of the project reunification through measurement method for laying design. So the maximum to avoid waste engineering.

Suining to Chongqing the ballastless track test section line length is 12.5km, the minimum radius of curve is 1600m, surveying and designing stage using 《新建铁路工程测量规范》 requirements of the measurement accuracy, coordinate with Beijing geodetic coordinate system 1954 ﹣3 ° projection, Length Projection deformation value 210mm/km, according to the《新建铁路工程测量规范》traverse measurement precision of 1/6000. in construction in addition to Longfeng tunnellength 5km by GPS c grade measurement of construction control network, the

remaining sections using reconnaissance survey of traverse and leveling points for construction survey. The railway ministry decides laying ballastless track test is carried out in this paragraph, line project has been basically complet﹣ed, in order to ensure the ballastless track laying installation, in the sec﹣tion of the line with B grade GPS and two grade level control network, coor﹣dinate with project independent coordinate, side length projection deformation value satisfies ≤ 3mm/km, in the ballastless track construction, the new B grade GPS network and two grade leveling construction. The old measurment plane control network accuracy and ballastless track plane control network accu﹣racy and the projective scaling inconsistent, The below the high precision planar track control network measurement center line and rail project in the middle route of transverse plane is up to 50cm. In order not to waste the exist﹣ing engineering, construction had to adjust the line plane design, will event﹣ually deflection angle change of 17 seconds, the line horizontal position error to the road base section, the subgrade section line horizontal position error value reaches a maximum of 70～80cm, so that it can satisfy the conditionof laying ballastless track test section. Thus if the construction precision and ballastless track plane control network accuracy is large error too will give the ballastless track construction increased difficulties, this section of line ballastless track test section velocity target value is 200km/h, and the line only 12.5km, a large amount of roadbed can digest error, adjustment easy. When the target speed value is 300km/h, circuit are bridge and tunnels. connected, error adjustment more difficult work. When the error adjustment can not digest, can cause local engineering.

4.The development and Prospect

On the basis of railway construction planning, the next 3 years the domes

tic railway construction situation after a short sleep will gradually warmer, plansto invest 730000000000 yuan to support the project under construction this year,Two ～three years of construction plans to invest the next increase, but with the change of the investment system, investment and financing system adjustment,the implementation of the fund is not clear.But there is a clear is the railway construction planning will continue to advance and complete. In this context, surveying and mapping workers around the building of the new situa- tion and what doing ? There are a few points that person:

(1) by the end of 2016, High-speed Rail railway network at home will be com﹣pleted as scheduled, and more than 200 kilometers per hour high-speed railwaymileage of nearly 20000 kilometers, for the maintenance of this High-speed Railoperation, maintenance of measuring work will be uninterrupted. One is the regular (2-3 year) of CP1, CP2, CP3 repeated measurements. Two is the year of CP3 height measurement. Three years is a monitoring and prediction High-speed Rail settlement section. The three task is huge, to the surveying and mapping workers also bring enormous business opportunities.

(2) the conventional speed operation of the railway is 80000 km, for the de﹣velopment of railway track through maintenance, each railroad bureau works departments on the introduction of large maintenance machinery.The requirementsfor the machine through the use of CP3 to reverse track adjustment. So in the future these existing conventional railway will face CP3 network.

(3) for the newly built railway and existing railway measurement work of rail﹣way, new technology and new products of new will be able to find their own position. Syndrome: conventional railway such as the need for security has beenbasically is fully closed and full time during the operation, how to carry out their measurement becomes in this case is very difficult, at present there is no good way. There are high railway foundation subsidence monitoring,the peoplestill have to rely on regular leveling to do regression analysis and prediction,there is no better way to develop new products for automatic monitoring and ability to have burst prediction is very meaningful.

Author introduction: Feng Guangdong is 53 years old, graduated from South west Jiao Tong university of china in 1982 , the first China registered survey﹣or,deputy general engineer of the Chinese railway FourthSurvey and design institute. A former Chinese railway Fourth Survey and Design Institute of pho﹣togrammetry division chief engineer, director and Engineering Investigation Institute president. Presided over the completion of Chinese first high speed railway -Wuhan Guangzhou high speed railway precision measurement control net﹣work, led the implementation has been completed and under construction high speed railway over 8000 km at east and South of china precision measurement control network and aerial surveying and mapping work,there are Chinese patenttwo CP3 mark method, is one of the well-known experts China Railway measure﹣ment.