暑假专题——There be结构的一般现在时和一般过去时
一. 教学重点和难点：
1. There be结构的一般现在时和一般过去时的构成和使用
2. 与have的区别
二. 具体内容：
1. There be结构表示存在的“有”，意为“某地或某时有某人或某物”的意思。
肯定句的构成：There +be +名词+其他。
否定句的构成：There +be + not +名词+其他。
一般疑问句的构成：Be + there +名词+其他？
一般疑问句的回答：Yes, there be.
No, there be +not.
2. 一般现在时的There be， 表示现在某地有某人或某物。
Eg. 1) There is a book on the desk.
There is not a book on the desk.
Is there a book on the desk?
Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
2) There are some children in the classroom.
There are not any children in the classroom.
Are there any children in the classroom?
Yes, there are./ No, there aren’t.
注意：There be结构的be用单数或是用复数,要看离be最近的名词，它是单数就用单数is，如果它是复数就用复数are。
Eg. There is a book, a bag and three pencil-boxes on the chair.
3. 一般过去时的There be，表示过去某地存在某人或某物。
1)There was a bike under the tree a moment ago.
There wasn’t a bike under the tree a moment ago.
Was there a bike under the tree a moment ago?
Yes, there was./ No, there wasn’t.
2) There were two foreign teachers in our school last year.
There weren’t two foreign teachers in our school last year.
Were there two foreign teachers in your school last year?
Yes, there were./ No, there weren’t.
4. There be 结构的特殊疑问句。
构成：疑问词+一般疑问句式
1) There are 50 students in our classroom.
How many students are there in your classroom?
2) There is some milk in the glass. How much milk is there in the glass?
3) There was so much water here, because it was raining just now.
4) Why was there so much water here?
5. There be结构与have的区别。
从结构上讲，have 前必须有主语，而there be结构的主语在谓语be的后面。从意义上讲，两者都可译为“有”，但have表示“所有、占有”关系，即表示“某人有某物”。而there be结构表示“存在”关系，即表示“某地/某时存在某物”。
Eg.1) I have a new dictionary.
I don’t have a new dictionary.
Do you have a new dictionary?
Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.
2) There is a new dictionary on the desk.
3) Mr. Song has a car waiting for you.
Mr. Song doesn’t have a car waiting for you.
Does Mr. Song have a car waiting for you?
Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t.
4) There is a car waiting for you.
注意：have的第三人称单数是has，过去式是had.
四. 课堂练习：
（一）单选。
1. There is not water in the cup.
A. some B. any C. a little D. few
2. There a sports meeting this week.
A. is B. will have C. won’t have D. aren’t
3. There much noise and many people in the street.
A. is B. are C. have D. has.
4. She her hands before she something. A. wash, eat B. washing, eats C. washes, eats D. washes, eat
5. He two sisters and one brother.
A. have B. has C. having D. there are
（二）句型转换。
1. The building has fifteen floors. (用there be结构改写)
2. There isn’t any water and air on the moon. (改写为同义句)
3. There are three boys in the reading room. (就划线部分提问)
4. All students go to the picnic. (改为单数句子)
5. I pass by the post office every morning. (用第三人称改写)
（三）汉译英。
1. 动物园里有许多种动物。
2. 床底下有一个球和两个盒子吗？
3. 他每天早晨读英语。
4. 格林先生在一所中学教英语。
以上答案请见名师面授！
【模拟试题】（答题时间：30分钟）
（一）句型转换。
1. There is a park in this city.(用in the past改写)
2. There were many students on the playground.(改为否定句)
3. There was a glass of milk on the table. (改为一般疑问句并做肯定回答)
（二）完型填空。
Mrs. Green lives in the country, and she doesn’t know London very well. One day, she goes to London. She can’t find her 1 . Just then she 2 a man near a bus stop. “ I can ask him the way,” she says to 3 and asks, “ Excuse me, will you please 4 me the way to King Street?” The man smiles with 5 answer. He 6 know English. He speaks Russian. He is a visitor. Then he 7 his hand into his pocket, 8 a piece of paper and lets her 9 it. On the paper are these words: “ Sorry, I don’t 10 English.”
1. A. street B. way C. room D. house
2. A. look at B. watches C. sees D. looks
3. A. herself B. himself C. she D. he
4. A. speak B. say C. talk D. tell
5. A. not B. an C. no D. any
6. A don’t B. doesn’t C. not D. does
7. A. puts B. takes C. carries D. brings
8. A. brings B. carries out C. takes out D. takes away
9. A. to see B. look at C. to look at D. watch
10. A. speak B. say C. talk D. tell
【试题答案】
（一）
1. There was a park in this city in the past.
2. There weren’t many students on the playground.
3. Was there a glass of milk on the table? Yes, there was.
（二）
1—5 B C A D C 6—10 B A C B A
