豫园

豫园（Yu Garden）为“全国四大文化市场”之一，与北京潘家园、琉璃厂、南京夫子庙齐名。它是老城厢仅存的明代园林。豫园建于明嘉靖年间，素有“城市山林”之誉，又有“奇秀甲于东南”之说，是上海著名的江南古典园林[1]，距今已有四百余年历史，占地三十亩左右。园内有三穗堂、大假假山、铁狮子、快楼、得月楼、玉玲珑、积玉水廊、听涛阁、涵碧楼、内园静观大厅、古戏台等亭台楼阁以及假山、池塘等四十余处古代建筑，设计非常精巧。

上海五大园林豫园、曲水园、醉白池、秋霞圃、古猗园。

豫园景区的园林文化、宗教文化、建筑文化、商业文化、美食文化和市民文化充分显示了这一特色。

豫园坐落于上海市市区南部旧城的东北角，北靠福佑路，东临安仁街，西面与上海城隍庙和豫园商城毗邻，

豫园主要有七个景区：三穗堂景区、仰山堂大假山景区、万花楼和鱼乐榭景区、点春堂景区、玉玲珑景区、会景楼景区、内园景区。 《神仙图》、《八仙过海》、《广寒宫》、《郭子仪上寿图》、《梅妻鹤子》、《上京赶考》、《连中三元》等极具文物价值和观赏价值。

豫园园主潘允端,是明刑部尚书潘恩之子。嘉靖三十八年(1559年),潘允端以举人应礼部会考落第,萌动建园之念,在上海城厢内城隍庙西北隅(今安仁街东的梧桐路、马园弄一带)家宅世春堂西的大片菜畦上“稍稍聚石凿池,构亭艺竹”,动工造园。嘉靖四十一年,潘允端出仕外地,无暇顾及建园,其《豫园记》中说:“垂二十年,屡作屡止,未有成绩。”

万历五年(1577年),潘允端自四川布政司解职回乡,便集中精力再度经营扩修此园,“每岁耕获,尽为营治之资”,并聘请园艺名家张南阳担任设计和叠山。此后,园越辟越大,池也越凿越广。万历末年竣工,总面积称70余亩。全园布满亭台楼阁,曲径游廊相绕,奇峰异石兀立,池沼溪流与花树古木相掩映,规模恢宏,景色旖旎。

1999年在豫园建园440周年之际，同志欣然应邀为这座江南名胜题词“海上名园”。

Yuyuan Garden is a famous classical garden located in Anren Jie, Shanghai. The garden was finished in 1577 by a government officer of the Ming Dynasty (1368-14) named Pan Yunduan. Yu in Chinese means pleasing and satisfying, and this garden was specially built for Pan's parents as a place for them to enjoy a tranquil（安宁的） and happy time in their old age.

In the 400 years of its existence, Yuyuan Garden had undergone many changes. During the late Ming Dynasty, it became very dilapidated（荒废的） with the decline of Pan's family. In 1760, some rich merchants bought Yuyuan Garden and spent more than 20 years reconstructing the buildings. During the Opium War（鸦片战争） of the 19th century, Yuyuan Garden was severely damaged. The Yuyuan Garden you see today is the result of a five year restoration project which began in 1956. The garden was open to the public in September, 1961.

Yuyuan Garden occupies an area of 20,000 square meters (about five acres). However, the small size is not a representative of the attractions of the garden. The pavilions, halls, rockeries, ponds and cloisters all have unique characteristics. There are six main scenic areas in the garden: Sansui Hall, Wanhua Chamber, Dianchun Hall, Huijing Hall, Yuhua Hall and the Inner Garden. Each area features several scenic spots within its borders.

Upon entering the garden, you will encounter a rockery（假山）, which

is called the Great Rockery. With a height of 14 meters (about 50 feet), it is the largest as well as the oldest rockery in the southern region of the Yangtze River. On the top of the rockery, you can get a bird's eye view of the garden. Cuixiu Hall sits at the foot of the rockery. It is a quiet and elegant place surrounded by old trees and beautiful flowers. Visitors will find curio（古珍） shops in the Cuixiu Hall.

Sansui Hall was built in 1760 and was originally used to entertain guests. Later it became a place to hold ceremonies for the gentlemen and bookmen. With a height of nine meters (about 30 feet) and featuring five halls, it is the largest and most commodious structure in the garden. The name Sansui is derived from the book History of the later Han Dynasty, and means 'propitious' and 'lucky'.

Wandering in the area of Yule Pavilion and Wanhua Chamber, you will find pavilions, corridors, streams, courtyards as well as many other natural features. Wanhua Chamber is a delicately chased building surrounded by derious（迂回的） cloisters（回廊）. Spring bamboos grow beside the cloisters. In front of Wanhua Chamber, there are two old trees. One is a maidenhair tree（银杏树） which is 21 meters tall (about 70 feet).It is said that the tree was planted by the host of the garden 400 years ago.

The Dianchun Hall area is located east of Wanhua Chamber, and includes Hexu Hall, Relic Hall, Ancient Well Pavilion, and the

Acting-and-Sing Stage. Dianchun Hall was once the headquarters of Xiaodao Hui, a revolted group who fought against the government of the Qing Dynasty (14-1911) during 1853-1855. The coins made by Xiaodao Hui and the bulletins（公告） they proclaimed are currently displayed in the hall.

The true treasure of Yuyuan Garden is the Exquisite Jade Rock（玉玲珑）. Located across from Yuhua Hall, it is one of the three famous rocks in the southern region of the Yangtze River. (The other two are Duanyun Feng in Suzhou and Zhouyun Feng in Hangzhou.) The rock is 3.3 meters (about 10.8 feet) in height and has 72 holes. What is interesting about this rock is that if you burn a joss stick（香） just below the rock, the smoke will magically float out from all of the holes. Similarly, when you pour water into the rock from top, the water will flow out from each hole creating a spectacular sight to see. Pan Yunduan was very fond of the Exquisite Jade Rock, and he built Yuhua Hall facing the rock so it was convenient to sit in the hall and admire it. The furnishings in the hall were made of top grade rosewood（紫檀木） of the Ming Dynasty, appearing both natural and graceful.

The Inner Garden was a separate garden built in 1709, but is now a part of Yuyuan Garden in the south. The Inner Garden is compact and exquisite, and the rocks, pavilions, ornamental ponds and flower walls offer some of the most attractive sceneries in Yuyuan Garden.