by的意思

1. (表示位置)在…近旁; 在身边 near
2. (表示时间)不迟于; 在…时候 not later than
3. (表示移动方向)从…中经过 passing through or along
4. (表示方式)搭乘,通过; 抓住…; 靠,采取; 就…而论; 以…称呼方式; 以…的名义; 凭着 through the use or means of
5. (表示原因)随…而来 as the result of
6. (表示方位)偏于 inclined to one side
7. (表示环境)借着…光亮 depend upon the light of
8. (表示关涉)经过 passing through
9. (表示程度)以…之差 with disparity of
10. (表示关系)对待 treat
11. (表示依据)根据 in accordance with
12. (表示比率)以…幅度; 以…为单位; …比 …to the amount or degree of
13. (表示累加)(一个)接着 one by one
14. (表示动作者)被〔由〕; 由…创作〔演奏〕 show the name of the person who wrote a book, directed a film, made a work of art, etc.

1. 在近旁 near
2. 经过,走过 past
3. 保留 in reserve

1.由；被
If something is doneby a person or thing, that person or thing does it.

e.g. The feast was servedby his mother and sisters...
这顿美餐是他母亲和他的姐妹们准备的。
e.g. I was amazedby their discourtesy and lack of professionalism...
他们的无礼和不专业让我震惊。

2.（图书、音乐、绘画等）由…（创作），出自
If you say that something such as a book, a piece of music, or a painting isby a particular person, you mean that this person wrote it or created it.

e.g. ...a paintingby Van Gogh...
一幅凡·高的画
e.g. 'Jacob's Ladder', the newest filmby Adrian Lyne, is a post-Vietnam horror story.
阿德里安·莱恩的最新电影《雅各的天梯》讲的是一个发生在越战后的恐怖故事。

3.靠；用；凭
If you do somethingby a particular means, you do it using that thing.

by

e.g. We'll be travellingby car.
我们将开车旅行。
e.g. ...dinnersby candlelight.
烛光晚餐

4.通过，凭借（做某事）
If you achieve one thingby doing another thing, your action enables you to achieve the first thing.

by的近义词

e.g. Make the sauceby boiling the cream and stock together in a pan...
把奶油和高汤一起放在平底锅里熬煮来制作调味料。
e.g. The all-female yacht crew made historyby becoming the first to sail round the world...
这艘游艇的船员为清一色的女性，她们进行了首次环球航行，创造了历史。

5.（用于短语中）由于，出于（偶然或意外）
You useby in phrases such as 'by chance' or 'by accident' to indicate whether or not an event was planned.

by在线翻译

e.g. I met himby chance out walking yesterday...
我昨天外出散步时碰巧遇见了他。
e.g. He opened Ingrid's letterby mistake...
他不小心拆了英格丽德的信。

6.就（本性、职业或出身）而言
If someone is a particular type of personby nature,by profession, orby birth, they are that type of person because of their nature, their profession, or the family they were born into.

e.g. I am certainly lucky to have a kind wife who is lovingby nature...
拥有一个天性仁爱的贤妻，我当然很幸运。
e.g. She's a nurseby profession and now runs a counselling service for women...
她的职业是护士，现在开办了一个妇女咨询中心。

7.根据，按照（法律或某种标准）
If something must be doneby law, it happens according to the law. If something is the caseby particular standards, it is the case according to the standards.

e.g. Pharmacists are requiredby law to give the medicine prescribedby the doctor.
法律规定药剂师必须按照医生开的处方配药。
e.g. ...evening wear that was discreetby his standards.
以他的标准来看相当朴素的晚礼服

8.说（某词语或某一番话）
If you say what someone meansby a particular word or expression, you are saying what they intend the word or expression to refer to.

e.g. Stella knew what he meantby 'start again'...
斯特拉知道他说“重来”是什么意思。
e.g. 'You're unbelievably lucky.' — 'What do you meanby that?'
“你真是太幸运了。”——“你这话是什么意思？”

9.（用于表示抓住身体某部位或握住物体某部分）
If you hold someone or somethingby a particular part of them, you hold that part.

e.g. He caught herby the shoulder and turned her around...
他抓住她的肩膀把她的身子转了过来。
e.g. She was ledby the arm to a small room at the far end of the corridor...
她被拉着胳膊带到走廊另一头的一个小房间里。

10.在…旁边；接近
Someone or something that isby something else is beside it and close to it.

by的近义词

e.g. Judith was sitting in a rocking-chairby the window...
朱迪丝正坐在窗户边的一张摇椅里。
e.g. Felicity Maxwell stoodby the bar and ordered a glass of wine...
费利西蒂·马克斯韦尔站在吧台旁，要了一杯红酒。

11.经过；经由
If a person or vehicle goesby you, they move past you without stopping.

e.g. A few cars passed closeby me...
几辆车贴着我开过去。
e.g. He kept walking and passedby me on his side of the street.
他一直在街对面走着，并与街这边的我交错而过。

12.在（某处停留）
If you stopby a place, you visit it for a short time.

e.g. We had made arrangements to stopby her house in Pacific Grove...
我们已安排好去造访她位于帕西菲克格罗夫的家。
e.g. Daddy called and asked me to dropby his office.
爸爸打来电话让我去他办公室一趟。

13.在…时候；到…之前；不迟于
If something happensby a particular time, it happens at or before that time.

by的解释

e.g. By eight o'clock he had arrived at my hotel...
到8点时，他已经到达我住的宾馆了。
e.g. We all knewby then that the affair was practically over.
到那时，我们都知道事情实际上已经结束了。

14.在（白天或夜晚）
If you do somethingby day, you do it during the day. If you do itby night, you do it during the night.

e.g. By day a woman could safely walk the streets, but at night the pavements became dangerous...
白天的时候，妇女可以安全地在街上行走，而到了夜晚人行道上会变得很危险。
e.g. She had no wish to hurry alone through the streets of Londonby night.
她可不想独自在夜晚匆匆走过伦敦的街道。

15.（乘或除）以
In arithmetic, you useby before the second number in a multiplication or division sum.

e.g. ...an apparent annual rate of 22.8 per cent (1.9 multipliedby 12)...
22.8%的名义年率（1.9乘以12）
e.g. 230cm dividedby 22cm is 10.45cm.
230厘米除以22厘米等于10.45厘米。

16.乘（表示长乘宽得出的居室等的面积）
You useby to talk about measurements of area. For example, if a room is twenty feetby fourteen feet, it measures twenty feet in one direction and fourteen feet in the other direction.

by

e.g. Three prisoners were sharing one small cell 3 metresby 2 metres.
3个囚犯关在一个3米长2米宽的小牢房里。

17.（表示增减的幅度）
If something increases or decreasesby a particular amount, that amount is gained or lost.

e.g. Violent crime has increasedby 10 percent since last year...
暴力犯罪自去年以来增加了10%。
e.g. Their pay has been cutby one-third.
他们薪水降低了1/3。

18.以…计；按…计
Things that are made or soldby the million orby the dozen are made or sold in those quantities.

by的翻译

e.g. Parcels arrivedby the dozen from America...
包裹成打地从美国运来。
e.g. Liberty fabrics, both for furnishing and for dressmaking, are soldby the metre.
利伯蒂布按米出售，既可用作装饰又可作衣料。

19.（表示事物的逐渐变化）
You useby in expressions such as 'minute by minute' and 'drop by drop' to talk about things that happen gradually, not all at once.

e.g. His father began to lose his memory bitby bit, becoming increasingly forgetful.
他的父亲开始一点点地失去记忆，变得越来越健忘。

20.独自；单独
If you areby yourself, you are alone.

by

e.g. ...a dark-haired man sittingby himself in a corner.
一个独自坐在角落里的黑发男人

21.（完成某事）
If you do somethingby yourself, you succeed in doing it without anyone helping you.

e.g. I didn't know if I could raise a childby myself.
我不知道自己是否能够独自养大一个孩子。

1. On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.
   在寒冷的夜晚坐在炉火旁边很舒服。
2. He keeps a dictionary by him when he's reading.
   他读书时,手边总放着一本词典。
3. Be here by four o'clock.
   四点钟之前到这儿。
4. She should be back by now.
   她现在应该回来了。
5. If they have a journey to make, most people prefer to go by day.
   如果要旅行,大多数人喜欢在白天进行。
6. They came in by the back door.
   他们是由后门进来的。
7. Are you to go there by bike or by bus?
   你骑车还是坐车去?
8. You can order tickets by telephone.
   你可以用电话订票。
9. The money will be paid by cheque.
   此款将由支票支付。
10. He seized her by the arm.
    他抓住她的手臂。
11. Man does not live by bread alone.
    人不能单靠面包生存。
12. They were making a living by selling souvenirs to the tourists.
    他们靠向旅游者出售纪念品来谋生。
13. They decided to raise the money by subscription.
    他们决定采取募捐的办法来筹集这笔款项。
14. By temperament he was an artist.
    从气质上看,他是一位画家。
15. They always addressed each other by their Christian name.
    他们总是以教名互相称呼。
16. By God he's done it!
    老天为证,他确实做了此事。
17. I did it all by myself!
    我完全是靠自己做此事的。
18. The meeting will be held in the school hall, by permission of the headmaster.
    由于有校长的准许,会议将在学校大厅举行。
19. The steamer will go west by north.
    这艘轮船将向西偏北方向航行。
20. They were playing cards by electric light.
    他们正借着灯光打牌。
21. I go by the house every day.
    我每天都要从这栋房子经过。
22. We lost the match by one goal.
    我们以一分之差输了比赛。
23. He deals ill by his wife.
    他待妻子不好。
24. It's not fair to judge people by their appearance.
    以貌取人是不公正的。
25. Its grant is to be cut by more than 40 percent.
    其补助将削减40％以上。
26. Most workmen are paid by the week.
    大多数工人按周付给薪水。
27. The lounge is twenty feet by fourteen.
    这间起居室长20英尺,宽14英尺。
28. Day by day he applied himself to the task until it was finished.
    他日复一日地投入那项工作,直到完成为止。
29. He was brought up by an aunt.
    他是由婶婶抚育成人的。
30. Above it hung an oil painting by Beryl.
    它的上方挂着一幅贝丽尔创作的油画。
31. We should help our brother communities by all means in our power.
    我们应该尽力帮助兄弟社团。
32. Oh by the way, have you heard from Bill lately?
    哦,顺便问一下,你最近得到比尔的消息了吗?

1. She hurried by without speaking to her teacher.
   她匆匆经过,没有跟她的老师说话。
2. Come by for a drink after work.
   下班后路过我家时进来喝一杯。
3. She stole the book when no one was by.
   她趁旁边无人时把书偷走了。

by accident

偶然地 without any intention or planning

by all means

一定,务必must

by analogy

用类推方法by a process of reasoning between parallel cases

by analogy with

根据…类推deducing (sth) according to sth

by any chance

或许; 可能 perhaps; possibly

by chance

偶然地,意外地 by accident; accidentally; unintentionally

by common consent

公认 generally acknowledge

by comparison

比较起来when compared

by contrast

参见contrast条。

by courtesy of

蒙…的好意,蒙…提供 by the permission or generosity of sb

by degrees

一点一点地,逐渐地 gradually

by far

…得多,更,尤其 by a great amount

by hand

用手;亲自 using one's hand; in person

by heart

凭记性 by memory

by itself

独自地; 无需外力地alone; without help

by leaps and bounds

非常迅速,突飞猛进very quickly and successfully

by means of

参见mean条。

by mistake

错误地 as a result of carelessness, forgetfulness, etc.; in error

by no means

参见mean条。

by reason of

由于because of

by rights

要是公正的话,公正地 if justice were done; in justice

by the book

按规则，依照惯例according to the rules

by the by

顺便提一句by the way

by the same token

由于同样原因，同样地in the same way

by the way

顺便地,附带说说 used to introduce a comment or question that is only indirectly related, if at all, to the main subject of conversation

by trial and error

反复试验，不断摸索by trying various solutions and learning from one's failure

by turns

轮流地; 交替地 one after the other; in rotation

by virtue of

凭借，依靠，因为，由于by means of or because of sth

by way of

意在,为了 with the intention of or for the purpose ofBy way of introduction to my subject,I'd like to tell you how I first came to be interested in it.为了引入我的话题,我想告诉你我起初是怎样对这个问题感兴趣的。

by and by

不久,马上 before long; soon

by and large

总的来说 on the whole;in general

我是坐船到美国来的。

误 I came to America by a ship.

正 I came to America by ship.

析 by表示“乘”“坐”，后跟宾语，往往不加冠词。

他要坐6:30的火车走。

误 He is leaving by 6:30 train.

正 He is leaving by the 6:30 train.

析 表示交通方式的by短语中的名词若有表示具体时间的词语修饰，须加定冠词。